blob: 7f771b4c2b99c77ab6e39943892cde37990383d4 [file] [log] [blame]
vlmfa67ddc2004-06-03 03:38:44 +00001
vlm35fcb7c2005-03-18 04:25:17 +000020.9.13: 2005-Mar-17
vlm2f2df932005-03-10 18:53:33 +00003
4 * Added extra const qualifiers into the support code.
vlm35fcb7c2005-03-18 04:25:17 +00005 * More RFC variations supported in crfc2asn1.pl.
vlm5e2c4b92005-03-20 11:12:40 +00006 * Refined string values compatibility. (Test cases 77, 78).
vlma6a12e32005-03-20 12:58:00 +00007 * Support for ContainedSubtype constraints. (Test case 16).
vlm2f2df932005-03-10 18:53:33 +00008
vlmb04419e2005-03-10 11:27:28 +000090.9.12: 2005-Mar-10
vlm67d57fe2005-03-06 09:29:03 +000010
11 * Fixed a name clash in produced constraint checking code.
vlm24b7eb12005-03-06 09:31:59 +000012 * #includes are now in single quotes (to solve a name
13 clash with system's <time.h> on a Win32 system).
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000014 * Small refinement of XML DTD generation (`asn1c -X`).
15 * Relaxed XER processing rules to skip extra whitespace
16 in some more places. It also skips XML comments (although
vlmbe7a5322005-03-10 11:50:12 +000017 XML comments in XER are prohibited by X.693, #8.2.1).
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000018 (Test case 70) (Severity: medium, Security impact: none)
19 Reported by <Dominique.Nerriec@alcatel.fr>.
vlmb04419e2005-03-10 11:27:28 +000020 * Constraints on primitive types being defined are now supported.
21 (Test case 74) (Severity: low, Security impact: none)
vlmf726ec32005-03-10 13:44:50 +000022 * XMLValueList generation fixed for CHOICE type.
23 (Severity: medium, Security impact: none)
vlmb7353712005-03-10 15:09:02 +000024 * Added the GSM TAP3 decoder into ./examples/sample.source.TAP3
vlm67d57fe2005-03-06 09:29:03 +000025
vlm4fff94d2005-03-04 09:01:15 +0000260.9.11: 2005-Mar-04
vlmdca48302005-03-03 21:29:10 +000027
vlm4fff94d2005-03-04 09:01:15 +000028 * Released -fcompound-names to fix the name clashes in the code
29 produced by the asn1c.
vlm9f554a32005-03-05 00:33:27 +000030 * Released -fno-include-deps to avoid #including non-critical
31 external dependencies.
32 * Compiler is taught to produce compilable code for yet another class
33 of circular ASN.1 type references.
vlm9a89df62005-03-04 11:18:59 +000034 * X.693:8.3.4 prohibits anything but SignedNumber; fixed XER codec.
35 * Fixed ENUMERATED identifier to value conversion in XER.
vlm560eeb82005-03-04 11:20:17 +000036 Reported by <jacque.celaire@caramail.com>.
vlm4fff94d2005-03-04 09:01:15 +000037 * If the compiled file contents are the same as in already existing
38 file (left from previous compilation), the old file is retained.
39 This prevents thrashing `make` dependencies if amount of changes in
40 the original ASN.1 module(s) is small.
vlmdca48302005-03-03 21:29:10 +000041
vlm80a48592005-02-25 12:10:27 +0000420.9.10: 2005-Feb-25
vlma9e55432005-02-24 21:07:35 +000043
vlm80a48592005-02-25 12:10:27 +000044 * Completed the XER XMLValueList encoding and decoding.
45 * Native integer type is now using "long".
46 * Fixed #1150856. Reported by <vvvy@users.sourceforge.net>.
vlm90717f62005-02-25 14:26:43 +000047 * Some WIN32 portability fixes.
vlma9e55432005-02-24 21:07:35 +000048
vlmd7f47c02005-02-22 08:14:24 +0000490.9.9: 2005-Feb-22
vlm54af01c2005-01-17 15:27:47 +000050
vlm0b09f2a2005-02-18 18:16:14 +000051 * First release of XER (XML) decoding implementation (somewhat
52 experimental).
vlm6bbe0bc2005-01-22 00:13:45 +000053 * ANY allocation routine fixed.
54 Reported by <mikko.ahonen@elma.net>.
vlm62a14752005-01-23 09:51:53 +000055 * Fixed tag parsing (tags like "[ 0 ]" were not supported).
vlmd7f47c02005-02-22 08:14:24 +000056 * Compiler now checks for duplicate ASN.1 types across modules.
vlm54af01c2005-01-17 15:27:47 +000057
vlm34dcd572005-01-17 11:40:49 +0000580.9.8: 2005-Jan-17
vlm0aa86902004-10-12 23:26:53 +000059
vlm32d29a52004-10-26 10:44:18 +000060 * [NEW PLATFORM] Compiled and tested on Linux @ alpha64 (LP64).
61 Some code needed to be fixed regarding int-long conversions
62 (mostly inside the test suite), and floating point handling
63 code needed to be restructured to handle signalling NAN and
64 other floating point exceptions quietly. Smooth transition!
65 * [NEW PLATFORM] Compiled and tested on Sun Solaris 9 @ sparc.
66 Improved includes/defines of/for system headers.
vlm60e7ef02004-10-13 09:13:56 +000067 * -X command line option added to asn1c to generate XML DTD.
vlm0aa86902004-10-12 23:26:53 +000068 * Empty SEQUENCE and SET clauses are now allowed.
vlmba67bd12004-10-25 22:58:49 +000069 * Removed confusion between &xNN; and &#xNN; in enber and unber.
vlm79729272004-10-31 00:11:50 +000070 * Removed order dependency in DEFAULT references to ENUMERATED
71 identifiers (./tests/68-*-OK.asn1).
vlmbd8d05f2005-01-17 12:35:57 +000072 * ber_dec_rval_t renamed into asn_dec_rval_t: more generality.
vlm34dcd572005-01-17 11:40:49 +000073 * Extensions in CHOICE types are properly marked as non-pointers
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000074 (Test case 59) (Severity: medium, Security impact: medium)
vlm34dcd572005-01-17 11:40:49 +000075 Reported by <roman.pfender@sdm.de>.
vlmbd8d05f2005-01-17 12:35:57 +000076 * Tagged CHOICE type is now supported again.
77 (Test case 59) (Severity: low, Security impact: low)
78 Reported by <orlinkata@dir.bg>.
vlmcd05d3d2004-11-16 09:46:00 +000079 * Implemented der_encode_to_buffer() procedure.
vlm0aa86902004-10-12 23:26:53 +000080
810.9.7.1: 2004-Oct-12
82
83 * Fixed automatic tagging for extensions of compound types.
84 * Fixed ParametrizedReference parsing: {} are now recognized.
85
vlm267b7fd2004-10-11 11:43:08 +0000860.9.7: 2004-Oct-11
vlm745fe252004-10-02 00:12:11 +000087
vlmaa930cb2005-02-24 22:37:07 +000088 * Finished CXER implementation by adding SET and SET OF canonical
89 ordering support.
vlm17cbadb2004-10-03 10:55:08 +000090 * Fixed unber(1) limits controlling logic.
vlm745fe252004-10-02 00:12:11 +000091 * Removed C99'izm from the x509dump, now understood by older compilers.
vlmee5afb02004-10-02 15:55:20 +000092 * Enhanced UTF8String constraint validation, now it checks
93 for the minimal encoding length; API of UTF8String_length() changed.
vlm5cb31d52004-10-05 06:39:35 +000094 * Fixed SEQUENCE dealing with premature termination of the
95 optionals-laden indefinite length structure. The code was previously
96 refusing to parse such structures.
vlm267b7fd2004-10-11 11:43:08 +000097 * Fixed explicitly tagged ANY type encoding and decoding
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000098 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low).
vlm5cb31d52004-10-05 06:39:35 +000099 * Fixed CHOICE code spin when indefinite length structures appear
100 in the extensions (Severity: medium, Security impact: medium).
101 Reported by <siden@ul-gsm.ru>.
vlm0f1ab762004-10-12 05:57:23 +0000102 * BIT STRING now stores the number of unused octets in a separate field.
vlm745fe252004-10-02 00:12:11 +0000103
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +00001040.9.6: 2004-Sep-29
vlme43659a2004-09-19 19:40:52 +0000105
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +0000106 * Added several security firewalls: decoder's stack usage control
107 and the stricter checking of the TLV length.
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000108 * Implemented BASIC-XER encoding support (X.693).
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000109 * Implemented unber(1) and enber(1) for BER<->XML translation.
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000110 * Implemented CGI for online ASN.1 compilation (asn1c/webcgi).
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000111 * Implemented the sample X.509 decoder (./examples/sample.source.PKIX1).
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000112 * NamedType is now supported for SET OF/SEQUENCE OF type.
vlm986afd62004-09-26 13:16:56 +0000113 * Added -fno-constraints option to asn1c, which disabled generation of
114 ASN.1 subtype constraints checking code.
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000115 * Added ASN1C_ENVIRONMENT_VERSION and get_asn1c_environment_version().
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +0000116 * Fixed ANY type decoding (Severity: high, Security impact: low).
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000117 * Fixed BER decoder restartability problem with certain primitive
118 types (BOOLEAN, INTEGER, and REAL). The problem occured when the
119 encoding of such type is split between several bytes.
120 (Severity: high, Security impact: low)
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +0000121 * Support for cross-referencing type definitions (updated ./tests/43-*).
vlmc8ee3052004-09-27 20:56:03 +0000122 * Fixed pretty-printing of the REAL type. Added lots of test cases.
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +0000123 * Renamed asn1_* into asn_* in function and type names.
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000124 * Updated documentation.
vlme43659a2004-09-19 19:40:52 +0000125
vlmbed6f812004-09-17 06:46:10 +00001260.9.5: 2004-Sep-17
vlmf72653e2004-09-13 08:32:15 +0000127
128 * Fixed CER (common BER) decoder code. See check-25.c/VisibleString
129 case for details. X.690 specifies that inner structures in BER
130 encoding must be tagged by stripping off the outer tag for each
131 subsequent containment level. See also X.690: 8.21.5.4 and
132 the "Spouse" case in A.3.
133 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
134 * Added converters between any generic type and the ANY type.
vlmb807ac42004-09-14 02:46:22 +0000135 * Parser fixed: Information Object Class fields may be taged.
136 * Parser fixed: tagged types inside SEQUENCE OF/SET OF support.
vlm9e4815d2004-09-15 12:01:04 +0000137 * Improved DEFAULT Value parsing and pretty-printing.
138 * Condition on distinct tags checker was incorrectly dealing with
139 tagged CHOICE types. Fixed. Modified tests/37-indirect-choice-OK.asn1
vlmb47f48e2004-09-17 06:32:12 +0000140 * Improved type name generation code ("struct foo" vs "foo_t").
vlm9e4815d2004-09-15 12:01:04 +0000141 * Fixed constraint checking code incorrectly dealing with imported
142 types with constraint values defined in other modules.
vlmf9d178d2004-09-14 12:47:45 +0000143 * Real REAL support! (Haven't tested denormals support yet!)
144 See skeletons/tests/check-REAL.c
vlmf72653e2004-09-13 08:32:15 +0000145
vlm1308d2b2004-09-10 15:49:15 +00001460.9.4: 2004-Sep-10
vlmdbf655b2004-09-10 09:38:17 +0000147
148 * More support for recursive type definitions.
149 * Explicit support for ANY type decoding.
vlm1308d2b2004-09-10 15:49:15 +0000150 * Refactored tags processing code.
151 * Fixed constraints checking code: non-exploitable buffer overflow.
152 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
vlmdbf655b2004-09-10 09:38:17 +0000153
vlm8c80dc52004-09-08 02:49:06 +00001540.9.3: 2004-Sep-07
vlm7a35b652004-08-26 06:19:23 +0000155
vlme9a56c92004-09-05 10:41:39 +0000156 * Extended constraints support in parametrized types.
157 * Better support for parametrization and constraints handling.
vlm21c70452004-09-08 00:27:33 +0000158 * Better handling of recursive type definitions.
vlm39c50612004-09-04 05:02:31 +0000159 * Added support for ANY type.
vlm7a35b652004-08-26 06:19:23 +0000160
vlmd86c9252004-08-25 01:34:11 +00001610.9.2: 2004-Aug-24
162
vlm3231b9f2004-08-25 02:06:48 +0000163 * More flexible subtype constraints handling, with relaxed
164 PER visibility rules for actual constraints checking code generator.
vlmd86c9252004-08-25 01:34:11 +0000165 * Indirect references in constraints resolver code fixed.
166 * Avoided compilation warning on gcc 3.3.3 systems.
vlmda4df3f2004-08-25 02:27:47 +0000167 * Better ValueSet printing.
vlmd86c9252004-08-25 01:34:11 +0000168
vlmef427fd2004-08-24 05:25:57 +00001690.9.1: 2004-Aug-23
170
171 * Documentation updated: doc/asn1c-usage.pdf
172 * Fixed OBJECT IDENTIFIER human-readable printing.
173 Reported by <siden@ul-gsm.ru>.
174
vlm82620702004-08-23 09:24:40 +00001750.9: 2004-Aug-23
vlmd3d0fbd2004-08-18 05:43:55 +0000176
177 * Reworked subtype constraints handling, aiming at PER-applicability.
vlm7ce9add2004-08-19 13:35:01 +0000178 * BOOLEAN and NULL are now implemented in terms of native int type.
179 * Compiler now links in only necessary skeleton files.
vlmf25d2812004-08-20 13:38:25 +0000180 * -t option added to asn1c to ease manual BER/CER/DER decoding.
vlmdae7f9d2004-08-22 03:25:24 +0000181 * Added support COMPONENTS OF construct.
182 * Numerous parser fixes and enhancements.
vlm758530a2004-08-22 13:47:59 +0000183 * Better constraint failure reporting.
vlmd3d0fbd2004-08-18 05:43:55 +0000184
vlm19aae982004-08-18 09:05:12 +00001850.8.19: 2004-Aug-18
186
187 * Fixed BER encoder (problem encoding large tag values)
188 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
189
vlm22736492004-08-13 12:39:17 +00001900.8.18: 2004-Aug-12
191
192 * Parser: fixed multiple IMPORTS problem (incorrect assertion).
193 * Parser: constraints extensibility parsing fix.
194
vlm6e73a042004-08-11 07:17:22 +00001950.8.17: 2004-Aug-11
vlm8ed2f6f2004-08-11 05:35:51 +0000196
197 * Improved compiler output: duplicate #includes eliminated.
vlm6e73a042004-08-11 07:17:22 +0000198 * Win32 portability fixes.
vlme167bf72004-08-11 08:11:50 +0000199 * More compatibility with C++ or non-GCC compilers.
vlm8ed2f6f2004-08-11 05:35:51 +0000200
vlm972a5382004-07-22 12:19:42 +00002010.8.16: 2004-Jul-22
202
203 * Fixed application-level problem in SET OF/SEQUENCE OF array cleanup.
204 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
vlm81057a82004-08-07 03:52:26 +0000205 * Improved asn_GT2time() and added asn_time2{GT,UT}() functions.
vlm49b511a2004-08-07 05:01:45 +0000206 * BIT STRING pretty-printing.
vlm972a5382004-07-22 12:19:42 +0000207
vlm796c1da2004-07-21 03:55:44 +00002080.8.15: 2004-Jul-20
vlmf0769b42004-07-15 10:52:58 +0000209
210 * Fixed parser: memory leak in free_struct code for SET OF/SEQUENCE OF.
211 (Severity: high, Security impact: medium)
vlmde1d8f72004-07-21 04:15:24 +0000212 * Fixed parser: invalid memory reference in code constructing tags.
vlm796c1da2004-07-21 03:55:44 +0000213 (Test case 48) (Severity: high, Security impact: medium)
214 When encoding data for certain ASN.1 specifications containing
215 explicit tags, the tag is always written incorrectly due to
216 incorrect memory reference. The encoding will almost always produce
217 unparseable data and might well reference unmapped region so program
218 would produce segmentation violation. Fortunately, memory is
219 read, not written, so remote exploits cannot execute arbitrary
220 code and triggering unmapped memory reference is highly unlikely
221 even it attacker knows the code (basically, the compiler should place
222 asn1_DEF_... right before the end of the mapped memory region, which
223 is extremely rare).
vlm7d278c42004-07-19 17:30:25 +0000224 * Improved INTEGER type printing.
vlmf0769b42004-07-15 10:52:58 +0000225
vlm79b08d52004-07-01 00:52:50 +00002260.8.14: 2004-Jun-30
227
228 * Fixed compiler: extensibility of CHOICE and SET type has not been
229 taken into account during table construction.
230 (Test case 47) (Severity: high, Security impact: low)
231
vlm65328a82004-06-28 21:22:20 +00002320.8.13: 2004-Jun-29
233
234 * Fixed compiler: the skip values for IMPLICIT tagging were broken
235 in some complex cases where one type is defined using another.
236 (Test case 46) (Severity: medium, Security impact: low).
237 * Added -fknown-extern-type command line parameter to asn1c.
238 * Removed -N command line flag and underlying functionality
239 to honor KISS principle.
240
vlmd315be52004-06-18 00:03:54 +00002410.8.12: 2004-Jun-17
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000242
vlmd315be52004-06-18 00:03:54 +0000243 * RELATIVE-OID and OBJECT IDENTIFIER encoders/decoders are not bound
244 anymore to an integer type of specific size (unsigned long). The
245 size of an integer must be provided explicitly.
246 See {OBJECT_IDENTIFIER|RELATIVE_OID}_{get|set}_arcs().
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000247 * SEQUENCE BER decoder fixed again for complex CHOICE case
vlm23ea2c72004-06-14 13:54:21 +0000248 (Test case 44) (Severity: medium, Security impact: low).
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000249
vlm97986e42004-06-05 08:47:18 +00002500.8.11: 2004-Jun-05
251
vlm387ab0c2004-07-21 04:28:32 +0000252 * Enforced stricter conformance with C standards.
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000253 * SEQUENCE BER decoder is now equipped with the sorted map
vlm45191f52004-06-06 07:20:37 +0000254 in case of complex CHOICE descendants. Test case 44 created.
vlm97986e42004-06-05 08:47:18 +0000255
vlmfa67ddc2004-06-03 03:38:44 +00002560.8.10: 2004-Jun-02
257
258 * Added const qualifier where necessary.
259 * Changed position of outmost_tag fetcher within asn1_TYPE_descriptor_t
260 structure.
261
2620.8.9: 2004-May-26
263
264 * Added *_{get|set}_arcs_*() functions for OBJECT IDENTIFIER
265 and RELATIVE-OID, together with test cases.
266
2670.8.8: 2004-May-09
268
269 * Introduced subtype constraints support (incomplete!).
270 * Fixed compiler. If the last member of the SEQUENCE is OPTIONAL
271 and absent in the encoding, and the type is extensible (...) or
272 EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED flag is set, then the structure could not
273 be correctly decoded. (Severity: high, Security impact: low).
274 * Compiler: fixed recursive ASN.1 types inclusion (Severity: low,
275 Security impact: none).
276 * Parser: IMPORTS/FROM fixes, now allowing multiple sections.
vlm32d29a52004-10-26 10:44:18 +0000277 * NEW PLATFORM: Compiled and tested on MacOS X (@ PowerPC).
278 No major portability issues experienced.
vlmfa67ddc2004-06-03 03:38:44 +0000279
2800.8.7: 2004-Apr-11 T-version-0-8-7
281
282 * Fixed SEQUENCE BER decoder: if the last member of the SEQUENCE is
283 OPTIONAL and absent in the encoding, RC_FAIL was returned instead
284 of RC_OK (Severity: high, Security impact: low).
285 * Added test case to check the above problem.
286 * Added test case to check -fnative-integers mode.
287
2880.8.6: 2004-Apr-03 T-version-0-8-6
289
290 * Fixed compiler output for embedded ASN.1 structures.
291
2920.8.5: 2004-Mar-28 T-version-0-8-5
293
294 * Fixed ber_tlv_length() computation problem (Severity: blocker,
295 Security impact: none).
296 Reported by <vss@high.net.ru>
297
2980.8.4: 2004-Mar-22
299
300 * Removed RC_ITAG enumeration element from BER decoder.
301 This return code did not have much practical value.
302
3030.8.3: 2004-Mar-14 T-version-0-8-3
304
305 * Fixed SET::BER decoder: restart after reaching a buffer boundary
306 weas broken (Severity: blocker, Security impact: low).
307 * Fixed OCTET STRING::BER decoder: restart after reaching a buffer
308 boundary was broken (Severity: blocker, Security impact: low).
309 Reported by <vss@high.net.ru>
310 * Added test cases to check decoders restartability.
311 * Slightly more general INTEGER2long decoder.
312 * Allowed nested /* C-type */ comments, as per X.680:2002.
313
3140.8.2: 2004-Mar-01 T-version-0-8-2
315
316 * Fixed SEQUENCE BER decoder: an OPTIONAL element was required, where
317 should not have been (Severity: major; Security impact: low).
318 * Fixed print_struct pointer inheritance.
319 * Added -fno-c99 and -funnamed-unions
320
3210.8.1: 2004-Feb-22
322
323 * -R switch to asn1c: Omit support code, compile only the tables.
324 * Introduced NativeInteger pseudotype.
325 * Corrected the informal print_struct()'s output format.
326
3270.8.0: 2004-Feb-03 T-version-0-8-0
328
329 * Some documentation is created (a .pdf and a short manual page).
330 * Last touches to the code.
331
3320.7.9: 2004-Feb-01 T-version-0-7-9
333
334 * Human readable printing support.
335 * Support for implicit (standard) constraints.
336
3370.7.8: 2004-Jan-31
338
339 * SET now rejects duplicate fields in the data stream.
340
3410.7.7: 2004-Jan-25
342
343 * Added types: GeneralizedTime and UTCTime.
344
3450.7.6: 2004-Jan-24 T-version-0-7-6
346
347 * DER encoding of a SET OF now involves dynamic sorting.
348
3490.7.5: 2004-Jan-24 T-version-0-7-5
350
351 * DER encoding of a SET with untagged CHOICE
352 now involves dynamic sorting.
353
3540.7.0: 2004-Jan-19 T-version-0-7-0
355
356 * A bunch of DER encoders is implemented.
357
3580.6.6: 2004-Jan-11
359
360 * Implemented CHOICE decoder.
361 * Implemented destructors support.
362
3630.6.5: 2004-Jan-03
364
365 * Implemented SET decoder.
366 * Implemented SET OF and SEQUENCE OF decoders.
367
3680.6.4: 2003-Dec-31
369
370 * Implemented BOOLEAN, NULL, ENUMERATED decoders.
371 * Implemented OCTET STRING decoder.
372 * Implemented BIT STRING decoder.
373
3740.6: 2003-Dec-30
375
376 * First decoding of a BER-encoded structure!
377
3780.5: 2003-Dec-28
379
380 * Framework and most of the compiler backbone coding done.
381
3820.1: 2003-Nov-28
383
384 * Programming started.
vlm5cb31d52004-10-05 06:39:35 +0000385
386=== Bug importance disclosure terms ===
387
388SEVERITY.
389 This term applies to the frequence the particular construct is used
390 in the real world. The higher the frequency, the more chances of triggering
391 this bug.
392 low: The ASN.1 specifications which could trigger
393 this kind of bug are not widespread.
394 medium: The particular ASN.1 construct is used quite often,
395 so the chance of triggering an error is considerable.
396 high: This fix is considered urgent, or the particular ASN.1
397 construct triggering this bug is in wide use.
398
399SECURITY IMPACT.
400 This term applies to the amount of potential damage a bug exploitation
401 could cause.
402 low: The local exploitation is unlikely; the remote exploitation
403 is impossible.
404 medium: The remote exploitation is possible when a particular ASN.1
405 construct is being used. If possible, only hard failure, spin
406 or memory leak are the possible outcome: no shellcode
407 injection could possibly be carried by the attack.
408 high: The remote shellcode injection is possible, or the bug is
409 otherwise remotely exploitable for most specifications.
410