blob: 5e2953d4c90f0529c3be60b729aba028be4e01e7 [file] [log] [blame]
vlmfa67ddc2004-06-03 03:38:44 +00001
vlm35fcb7c2005-03-18 04:25:17 +000020.9.13: 2005-Mar-17
vlm2f2df932005-03-10 18:53:33 +00003
4 * Added extra const qualifiers into the support code.
vlm35fcb7c2005-03-18 04:25:17 +00005 * More RFC variations supported in crfc2asn1.pl.
vlm2f2df932005-03-10 18:53:33 +00006
vlmb04419e2005-03-10 11:27:28 +000070.9.12: 2005-Mar-10
vlm67d57fe2005-03-06 09:29:03 +00008
9 * Fixed a name clash in produced constraint checking code.
vlm24b7eb12005-03-06 09:31:59 +000010 * #includes are now in single quotes (to solve a name
11 clash with system's <time.h> on a Win32 system).
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000012 * Small refinement of XML DTD generation (`asn1c -X`).
13 * Relaxed XER processing rules to skip extra whitespace
14 in some more places. It also skips XML comments (although
vlmbe7a5322005-03-10 11:50:12 +000015 XML comments in XER are prohibited by X.693, #8.2.1).
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000016 (Test case 70) (Severity: medium, Security impact: none)
17 Reported by <Dominique.Nerriec@alcatel.fr>.
vlmb04419e2005-03-10 11:27:28 +000018 * Constraints on primitive types being defined are now supported.
19 (Test case 74) (Severity: low, Security impact: none)
vlmf726ec32005-03-10 13:44:50 +000020 * XMLValueList generation fixed for CHOICE type.
21 (Severity: medium, Security impact: none)
vlmb7353712005-03-10 15:09:02 +000022 * Added the GSM TAP3 decoder into ./examples/sample.source.TAP3
vlm67d57fe2005-03-06 09:29:03 +000023
vlm4fff94d2005-03-04 09:01:15 +0000240.9.11: 2005-Mar-04
vlmdca48302005-03-03 21:29:10 +000025
vlm4fff94d2005-03-04 09:01:15 +000026 * Released -fcompound-names to fix the name clashes in the code
27 produced by the asn1c.
vlm9f554a32005-03-05 00:33:27 +000028 * Released -fno-include-deps to avoid #including non-critical
29 external dependencies.
30 * Compiler is taught to produce compilable code for yet another class
31 of circular ASN.1 type references.
vlm9a89df62005-03-04 11:18:59 +000032 * X.693:8.3.4 prohibits anything but SignedNumber; fixed XER codec.
33 * Fixed ENUMERATED identifier to value conversion in XER.
vlm560eeb82005-03-04 11:20:17 +000034 Reported by <jacque.celaire@caramail.com>.
vlm4fff94d2005-03-04 09:01:15 +000035 * If the compiled file contents are the same as in already existing
36 file (left from previous compilation), the old file is retained.
37 This prevents thrashing `make` dependencies if amount of changes in
38 the original ASN.1 module(s) is small.
vlmdca48302005-03-03 21:29:10 +000039
vlm80a48592005-02-25 12:10:27 +0000400.9.10: 2005-Feb-25
vlma9e55432005-02-24 21:07:35 +000041
vlm80a48592005-02-25 12:10:27 +000042 * Completed the XER XMLValueList encoding and decoding.
43 * Native integer type is now using "long".
44 * Fixed #1150856. Reported by <vvvy@users.sourceforge.net>.
vlm90717f62005-02-25 14:26:43 +000045 * Some WIN32 portability fixes.
vlma9e55432005-02-24 21:07:35 +000046
vlmd7f47c02005-02-22 08:14:24 +0000470.9.9: 2005-Feb-22
vlm54af01c2005-01-17 15:27:47 +000048
vlm0b09f2a2005-02-18 18:16:14 +000049 * First release of XER (XML) decoding implementation (somewhat
50 experimental).
vlm6bbe0bc2005-01-22 00:13:45 +000051 * ANY allocation routine fixed.
52 Reported by <mikko.ahonen@elma.net>.
vlm62a14752005-01-23 09:51:53 +000053 * Fixed tag parsing (tags like "[ 0 ]" were not supported).
vlmd7f47c02005-02-22 08:14:24 +000054 * Compiler now checks for duplicate ASN.1 types across modules.
vlm54af01c2005-01-17 15:27:47 +000055
vlm34dcd572005-01-17 11:40:49 +0000560.9.8: 2005-Jan-17
vlm0aa86902004-10-12 23:26:53 +000057
vlm32d29a52004-10-26 10:44:18 +000058 * [NEW PLATFORM] Compiled and tested on Linux @ alpha64 (LP64).
59 Some code needed to be fixed regarding int-long conversions
60 (mostly inside the test suite), and floating point handling
61 code needed to be restructured to handle signalling NAN and
62 other floating point exceptions quietly. Smooth transition!
63 * [NEW PLATFORM] Compiled and tested on Sun Solaris 9 @ sparc.
64 Improved includes/defines of/for system headers.
vlm60e7ef02004-10-13 09:13:56 +000065 * -X command line option added to asn1c to generate XML DTD.
vlm0aa86902004-10-12 23:26:53 +000066 * Empty SEQUENCE and SET clauses are now allowed.
vlmba67bd12004-10-25 22:58:49 +000067 * Removed confusion between &xNN; and &#xNN; in enber and unber.
vlm79729272004-10-31 00:11:50 +000068 * Removed order dependency in DEFAULT references to ENUMERATED
69 identifiers (./tests/68-*-OK.asn1).
vlmbd8d05f2005-01-17 12:35:57 +000070 * ber_dec_rval_t renamed into asn_dec_rval_t: more generality.
vlm34dcd572005-01-17 11:40:49 +000071 * Extensions in CHOICE types are properly marked as non-pointers
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000072 (Test case 59) (Severity: medium, Security impact: medium)
vlm34dcd572005-01-17 11:40:49 +000073 Reported by <roman.pfender@sdm.de>.
vlmbd8d05f2005-01-17 12:35:57 +000074 * Tagged CHOICE type is now supported again.
75 (Test case 59) (Severity: low, Security impact: low)
76 Reported by <orlinkata@dir.bg>.
vlmcd05d3d2004-11-16 09:46:00 +000077 * Implemented der_encode_to_buffer() procedure.
vlm0aa86902004-10-12 23:26:53 +000078
790.9.7.1: 2004-Oct-12
80
81 * Fixed automatic tagging for extensions of compound types.
82 * Fixed ParametrizedReference parsing: {} are now recognized.
83
vlm267b7fd2004-10-11 11:43:08 +0000840.9.7: 2004-Oct-11
vlm745fe252004-10-02 00:12:11 +000085
vlmaa930cb2005-02-24 22:37:07 +000086 * Finished CXER implementation by adding SET and SET OF canonical
87 ordering support.
vlm17cbadb2004-10-03 10:55:08 +000088 * Fixed unber(1) limits controlling logic.
vlm745fe252004-10-02 00:12:11 +000089 * Removed C99'izm from the x509dump, now understood by older compilers.
vlmee5afb02004-10-02 15:55:20 +000090 * Enhanced UTF8String constraint validation, now it checks
91 for the minimal encoding length; API of UTF8String_length() changed.
vlm5cb31d52004-10-05 06:39:35 +000092 * Fixed SEQUENCE dealing with premature termination of the
93 optionals-laden indefinite length structure. The code was previously
94 refusing to parse such structures.
vlm267b7fd2004-10-11 11:43:08 +000095 * Fixed explicitly tagged ANY type encoding and decoding
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +000096 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low).
vlm5cb31d52004-10-05 06:39:35 +000097 * Fixed CHOICE code spin when indefinite length structures appear
98 in the extensions (Severity: medium, Security impact: medium).
99 Reported by <siden@ul-gsm.ru>.
vlm0f1ab762004-10-12 05:57:23 +0000100 * BIT STRING now stores the number of unused octets in a separate field.
vlm745fe252004-10-02 00:12:11 +0000101
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +00001020.9.6: 2004-Sep-29
vlme43659a2004-09-19 19:40:52 +0000103
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +0000104 * Added several security firewalls: decoder's stack usage control
105 and the stricter checking of the TLV length.
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000106 * Implemented BASIC-XER encoding support (X.693).
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000107 * Implemented unber(1) and enber(1) for BER<->XML translation.
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000108 * Implemented CGI for online ASN.1 compilation (asn1c/webcgi).
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000109 * Implemented the sample X.509 decoder (./examples/sample.source.PKIX1).
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000110 * NamedType is now supported for SET OF/SEQUENCE OF type.
vlm986afd62004-09-26 13:16:56 +0000111 * Added -fno-constraints option to asn1c, which disabled generation of
112 ASN.1 subtype constraints checking code.
vlmf7ed1482004-09-22 16:06:52 +0000113 * Added ASN1C_ENVIRONMENT_VERSION and get_asn1c_environment_version().
vlm4df9cc12005-03-09 22:19:25 +0000114 * Fixed ANY type decoding (Severity: high, Security impact: low).
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000115 * Fixed BER decoder restartability problem with certain primitive
116 types (BOOLEAN, INTEGER, and REAL). The problem occured when the
117 encoding of such type is split between several bytes.
118 (Severity: high, Security impact: low)
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +0000119 * Support for cross-referencing type definitions (updated ./tests/43-*).
vlmc8ee3052004-09-27 20:56:03 +0000120 * Fixed pretty-printing of the REAL type. Added lots of test cases.
vlm0d181f22004-09-29 13:30:32 +0000121 * Renamed asn1_* into asn_* in function and type names.
vlm74e9e342004-09-24 21:06:19 +0000122 * Updated documentation.
vlme43659a2004-09-19 19:40:52 +0000123
vlmbed6f812004-09-17 06:46:10 +00001240.9.5: 2004-Sep-17
vlmf72653e2004-09-13 08:32:15 +0000125
126 * Fixed CER (common BER) decoder code. See check-25.c/VisibleString
127 case for details. X.690 specifies that inner structures in BER
128 encoding must be tagged by stripping off the outer tag for each
129 subsequent containment level. See also X.690: 8.21.5.4 and
130 the "Spouse" case in A.3.
131 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
132 * Added converters between any generic type and the ANY type.
vlmb807ac42004-09-14 02:46:22 +0000133 * Parser fixed: Information Object Class fields may be taged.
134 * Parser fixed: tagged types inside SEQUENCE OF/SET OF support.
vlm9e4815d2004-09-15 12:01:04 +0000135 * Improved DEFAULT Value parsing and pretty-printing.
136 * Condition on distinct tags checker was incorrectly dealing with
137 tagged CHOICE types. Fixed. Modified tests/37-indirect-choice-OK.asn1
vlmb47f48e2004-09-17 06:32:12 +0000138 * Improved type name generation code ("struct foo" vs "foo_t").
vlm9e4815d2004-09-15 12:01:04 +0000139 * Fixed constraint checking code incorrectly dealing with imported
140 types with constraint values defined in other modules.
vlmf9d178d2004-09-14 12:47:45 +0000141 * Real REAL support! (Haven't tested denormals support yet!)
142 See skeletons/tests/check-REAL.c
vlmf72653e2004-09-13 08:32:15 +0000143
vlm1308d2b2004-09-10 15:49:15 +00001440.9.4: 2004-Sep-10
vlmdbf655b2004-09-10 09:38:17 +0000145
146 * More support for recursive type definitions.
147 * Explicit support for ANY type decoding.
vlm1308d2b2004-09-10 15:49:15 +0000148 * Refactored tags processing code.
149 * Fixed constraints checking code: non-exploitable buffer overflow.
150 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
vlmdbf655b2004-09-10 09:38:17 +0000151
vlm8c80dc52004-09-08 02:49:06 +00001520.9.3: 2004-Sep-07
vlm7a35b652004-08-26 06:19:23 +0000153
vlme9a56c92004-09-05 10:41:39 +0000154 * Extended constraints support in parametrized types.
155 * Better support for parametrization and constraints handling.
vlm21c70452004-09-08 00:27:33 +0000156 * Better handling of recursive type definitions.
vlm39c50612004-09-04 05:02:31 +0000157 * Added support for ANY type.
vlm7a35b652004-08-26 06:19:23 +0000158
vlmd86c9252004-08-25 01:34:11 +00001590.9.2: 2004-Aug-24
160
vlm3231b9f2004-08-25 02:06:48 +0000161 * More flexible subtype constraints handling, with relaxed
162 PER visibility rules for actual constraints checking code generator.
vlmd86c9252004-08-25 01:34:11 +0000163 * Indirect references in constraints resolver code fixed.
164 * Avoided compilation warning on gcc 3.3.3 systems.
vlmda4df3f2004-08-25 02:27:47 +0000165 * Better ValueSet printing.
vlmd86c9252004-08-25 01:34:11 +0000166
vlmef427fd2004-08-24 05:25:57 +00001670.9.1: 2004-Aug-23
168
169 * Documentation updated: doc/asn1c-usage.pdf
170 * Fixed OBJECT IDENTIFIER human-readable printing.
171 Reported by <siden@ul-gsm.ru>.
172
vlm82620702004-08-23 09:24:40 +00001730.9: 2004-Aug-23
vlmd3d0fbd2004-08-18 05:43:55 +0000174
175 * Reworked subtype constraints handling, aiming at PER-applicability.
vlm7ce9add2004-08-19 13:35:01 +0000176 * BOOLEAN and NULL are now implemented in terms of native int type.
177 * Compiler now links in only necessary skeleton files.
vlmf25d2812004-08-20 13:38:25 +0000178 * -t option added to asn1c to ease manual BER/CER/DER decoding.
vlmdae7f9d2004-08-22 03:25:24 +0000179 * Added support COMPONENTS OF construct.
180 * Numerous parser fixes and enhancements.
vlm758530a2004-08-22 13:47:59 +0000181 * Better constraint failure reporting.
vlmd3d0fbd2004-08-18 05:43:55 +0000182
vlm19aae982004-08-18 09:05:12 +00001830.8.19: 2004-Aug-18
184
185 * Fixed BER encoder (problem encoding large tag values)
186 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
187
vlm22736492004-08-13 12:39:17 +00001880.8.18: 2004-Aug-12
189
190 * Parser: fixed multiple IMPORTS problem (incorrect assertion).
191 * Parser: constraints extensibility parsing fix.
192
vlm6e73a042004-08-11 07:17:22 +00001930.8.17: 2004-Aug-11
vlm8ed2f6f2004-08-11 05:35:51 +0000194
195 * Improved compiler output: duplicate #includes eliminated.
vlm6e73a042004-08-11 07:17:22 +0000196 * Win32 portability fixes.
vlme167bf72004-08-11 08:11:50 +0000197 * More compatibility with C++ or non-GCC compilers.
vlm8ed2f6f2004-08-11 05:35:51 +0000198
vlm972a5382004-07-22 12:19:42 +00001990.8.16: 2004-Jul-22
200
201 * Fixed application-level problem in SET OF/SEQUENCE OF array cleanup.
202 (Severity: medium, Security impact: low)
vlm81057a82004-08-07 03:52:26 +0000203 * Improved asn_GT2time() and added asn_time2{GT,UT}() functions.
vlm49b511a2004-08-07 05:01:45 +0000204 * BIT STRING pretty-printing.
vlm972a5382004-07-22 12:19:42 +0000205
vlm796c1da2004-07-21 03:55:44 +00002060.8.15: 2004-Jul-20
vlmf0769b42004-07-15 10:52:58 +0000207
208 * Fixed parser: memory leak in free_struct code for SET OF/SEQUENCE OF.
209 (Severity: high, Security impact: medium)
vlmde1d8f72004-07-21 04:15:24 +0000210 * Fixed parser: invalid memory reference in code constructing tags.
vlm796c1da2004-07-21 03:55:44 +0000211 (Test case 48) (Severity: high, Security impact: medium)
212 When encoding data for certain ASN.1 specifications containing
213 explicit tags, the tag is always written incorrectly due to
214 incorrect memory reference. The encoding will almost always produce
215 unparseable data and might well reference unmapped region so program
216 would produce segmentation violation. Fortunately, memory is
217 read, not written, so remote exploits cannot execute arbitrary
218 code and triggering unmapped memory reference is highly unlikely
219 even it attacker knows the code (basically, the compiler should place
220 asn1_DEF_... right before the end of the mapped memory region, which
221 is extremely rare).
vlm7d278c42004-07-19 17:30:25 +0000222 * Improved INTEGER type printing.
vlmf0769b42004-07-15 10:52:58 +0000223
vlm79b08d52004-07-01 00:52:50 +00002240.8.14: 2004-Jun-30
225
226 * Fixed compiler: extensibility of CHOICE and SET type has not been
227 taken into account during table construction.
228 (Test case 47) (Severity: high, Security impact: low)
229
vlm65328a82004-06-28 21:22:20 +00002300.8.13: 2004-Jun-29
231
232 * Fixed compiler: the skip values for IMPLICIT tagging were broken
233 in some complex cases where one type is defined using another.
234 (Test case 46) (Severity: medium, Security impact: low).
235 * Added -fknown-extern-type command line parameter to asn1c.
236 * Removed -N command line flag and underlying functionality
237 to honor KISS principle.
238
vlmd315be52004-06-18 00:03:54 +00002390.8.12: 2004-Jun-17
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000240
vlmd315be52004-06-18 00:03:54 +0000241 * RELATIVE-OID and OBJECT IDENTIFIER encoders/decoders are not bound
242 anymore to an integer type of specific size (unsigned long). The
243 size of an integer must be provided explicitly.
244 See {OBJECT_IDENTIFIER|RELATIVE_OID}_{get|set}_arcs().
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000245 * SEQUENCE BER decoder fixed again for complex CHOICE case
vlm23ea2c72004-06-14 13:54:21 +0000246 (Test case 44) (Severity: medium, Security impact: low).
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000247
vlm97986e42004-06-05 08:47:18 +00002480.8.11: 2004-Jun-05
249
vlm387ab0c2004-07-21 04:28:32 +0000250 * Enforced stricter conformance with C standards.
vlme511d3e2004-06-14 13:53:32 +0000251 * SEQUENCE BER decoder is now equipped with the sorted map
vlm45191f52004-06-06 07:20:37 +0000252 in case of complex CHOICE descendants. Test case 44 created.
vlm97986e42004-06-05 08:47:18 +0000253
vlmfa67ddc2004-06-03 03:38:44 +00002540.8.10: 2004-Jun-02
255
256 * Added const qualifier where necessary.
257 * Changed position of outmost_tag fetcher within asn1_TYPE_descriptor_t
258 structure.
259
2600.8.9: 2004-May-26
261
262 * Added *_{get|set}_arcs_*() functions for OBJECT IDENTIFIER
263 and RELATIVE-OID, together with test cases.
264
2650.8.8: 2004-May-09
266
267 * Introduced subtype constraints support (incomplete!).
268 * Fixed compiler. If the last member of the SEQUENCE is OPTIONAL
269 and absent in the encoding, and the type is extensible (...) or
270 EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED flag is set, then the structure could not
271 be correctly decoded. (Severity: high, Security impact: low).
272 * Compiler: fixed recursive ASN.1 types inclusion (Severity: low,
273 Security impact: none).
274 * Parser: IMPORTS/FROM fixes, now allowing multiple sections.
vlm32d29a52004-10-26 10:44:18 +0000275 * NEW PLATFORM: Compiled and tested on MacOS X (@ PowerPC).
276 No major portability issues experienced.
vlmfa67ddc2004-06-03 03:38:44 +0000277
2780.8.7: 2004-Apr-11 T-version-0-8-7
279
280 * Fixed SEQUENCE BER decoder: if the last member of the SEQUENCE is
281 OPTIONAL and absent in the encoding, RC_FAIL was returned instead
282 of RC_OK (Severity: high, Security impact: low).
283 * Added test case to check the above problem.
284 * Added test case to check -fnative-integers mode.
285
2860.8.6: 2004-Apr-03 T-version-0-8-6
287
288 * Fixed compiler output for embedded ASN.1 structures.
289
2900.8.5: 2004-Mar-28 T-version-0-8-5
291
292 * Fixed ber_tlv_length() computation problem (Severity: blocker,
293 Security impact: none).
294 Reported by <vss@high.net.ru>
295
2960.8.4: 2004-Mar-22
297
298 * Removed RC_ITAG enumeration element from BER decoder.
299 This return code did not have much practical value.
300
3010.8.3: 2004-Mar-14 T-version-0-8-3
302
303 * Fixed SET::BER decoder: restart after reaching a buffer boundary
304 weas broken (Severity: blocker, Security impact: low).
305 * Fixed OCTET STRING::BER decoder: restart after reaching a buffer
306 boundary was broken (Severity: blocker, Security impact: low).
307 Reported by <vss@high.net.ru>
308 * Added test cases to check decoders restartability.
309 * Slightly more general INTEGER2long decoder.
310 * Allowed nested /* C-type */ comments, as per X.680:2002.
311
3120.8.2: 2004-Mar-01 T-version-0-8-2
313
314 * Fixed SEQUENCE BER decoder: an OPTIONAL element was required, where
315 should not have been (Severity: major; Security impact: low).
316 * Fixed print_struct pointer inheritance.
317 * Added -fno-c99 and -funnamed-unions
318
3190.8.1: 2004-Feb-22
320
321 * -R switch to asn1c: Omit support code, compile only the tables.
322 * Introduced NativeInteger pseudotype.
323 * Corrected the informal print_struct()'s output format.
324
3250.8.0: 2004-Feb-03 T-version-0-8-0
326
327 * Some documentation is created (a .pdf and a short manual page).
328 * Last touches to the code.
329
3300.7.9: 2004-Feb-01 T-version-0-7-9
331
332 * Human readable printing support.
333 * Support for implicit (standard) constraints.
334
3350.7.8: 2004-Jan-31
336
337 * SET now rejects duplicate fields in the data stream.
338
3390.7.7: 2004-Jan-25
340
341 * Added types: GeneralizedTime and UTCTime.
342
3430.7.6: 2004-Jan-24 T-version-0-7-6
344
345 * DER encoding of a SET OF now involves dynamic sorting.
346
3470.7.5: 2004-Jan-24 T-version-0-7-5
348
349 * DER encoding of a SET with untagged CHOICE
350 now involves dynamic sorting.
351
3520.7.0: 2004-Jan-19 T-version-0-7-0
353
354 * A bunch of DER encoders is implemented.
355
3560.6.6: 2004-Jan-11
357
358 * Implemented CHOICE decoder.
359 * Implemented destructors support.
360
3610.6.5: 2004-Jan-03
362
363 * Implemented SET decoder.
364 * Implemented SET OF and SEQUENCE OF decoders.
365
3660.6.4: 2003-Dec-31
367
368 * Implemented BOOLEAN, NULL, ENUMERATED decoders.
369 * Implemented OCTET STRING decoder.
370 * Implemented BIT STRING decoder.
371
3720.6: 2003-Dec-30
373
374 * First decoding of a BER-encoded structure!
375
3760.5: 2003-Dec-28
377
378 * Framework and most of the compiler backbone coding done.
379
3800.1: 2003-Nov-28
381
382 * Programming started.
vlm5cb31d52004-10-05 06:39:35 +0000383
384=== Bug importance disclosure terms ===
385
386SEVERITY.
387 This term applies to the frequence the particular construct is used
388 in the real world. The higher the frequency, the more chances of triggering
389 this bug.
390 low: The ASN.1 specifications which could trigger
391 this kind of bug are not widespread.
392 medium: The particular ASN.1 construct is used quite often,
393 so the chance of triggering an error is considerable.
394 high: This fix is considered urgent, or the particular ASN.1
395 construct triggering this bug is in wide use.
396
397SECURITY IMPACT.
398 This term applies to the amount of potential damage a bug exploitation
399 could cause.
400 low: The local exploitation is unlikely; the remote exploitation
401 is impossible.
402 medium: The remote exploitation is possible when a particular ASN.1
403 construct is being used. If possible, only hard failure, spin
404 or memory leak are the possible outcome: no shellcode
405 injection could possibly be carried by the attack.
406 high: The remote shellcode injection is possible, or the bug is
407 otherwise remotely exploitable for most specifications.
408