Transceiver52M/device/uhd/UHDDevice.cpp

/*
 * Device support for Ettus Research UHD driver
 *
 * Copyright 2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Ettus Research LLC
 *
 * Author: Tom Tsou <tom.tsou@ettus.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0+
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 * See the COPYING file in the main directory for details.
 */

#include <map>
#include "radioDevice.h"
#include "UHDDevice.h"
#include "Threads.h"
#include "Logger.h"

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

extern "C" {
#include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
#include <osmocom/gsm/gsm_utils.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/cpu_sched_vty.h>
}

#ifdef USE_UHD_3_11
#include <uhd/utils/log_add.hpp>
#include <uhd/utils/thread.hpp>
#else
#include <uhd/utils/msg.hpp>
#include <uhd/utils/thread_priority.hpp>
#endif

#define USRP_TX_AMPL     0.3
#define UMTRX_TX_AMPL    0.7
#define LIMESDR_TX_AMPL  0.3
#define SAMPLE_BUF_SZ    (1 << 20)

/*
 * UHD timeout value on streaming (re)start
 *
 * Allow some time for streaming to commence after the start command is issued,
 * but consider a wait beyond one second to be a definite error condition.
 */
#define UHD_RESTART_TIMEOUT     1.0

/*
 * UmTRX specific settings
 */
#define UMTRX_VGA1_DEF   -18

/*
 * USRP version dependent device timings
 */
#if defined(USE_UHD_3_9) || defined(USE_UHD_3_11)
#define B2XX_TIMING_1SPS	1.7153e-4
#define B2XX_TIMING_4SPS	1.1696e-4
#define B2XX_TIMING_4_4SPS	6.18462e-5
#define B2XX_TIMING_MCBTS	7e-5
#else
#define B2XX_TIMING_1SPS	9.9692e-5
#define B2XX_TIMING_4SPS	6.9248e-5
#define B2XX_TIMING_4_4SPS	4.52308e-5
#define B2XX_TIMING_MCBTS	6.42452e-5
#endif

/*
 * Tx / Rx sample offset values. In a perfect world, there is no group delay
 * though analog components, and behaviour through digital filters exactly
 * matches calculated values. In reality, there are unaccounted factors,
 * which are captured in these empirically measured (using a loopback test)
 * timing correction values.
 *
 * Notes:
 *   USRP1 with timestamps is not supported by UHD.
 */

/* Device Type, Tx-SPS, Rx-SPS */
typedef std::tuple<uhd_dev_type, int, int> dev_key;

/* Device parameter descriptor */
struct dev_desc {
	unsigned channels;
	double mcr;
	double rate;
	double offset;
	std::string str;
};

static const std::map<dev_key, dev_desc> dev_param_map {
	{ std::make_tuple(USRP2, 1, 1), { 1, 0.0,  390625,  1.2184e-4,  "N2XX 1 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(USRP2, 4, 1), { 1, 0.0,  390625,  7.6547e-5,  "N2XX 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(USRP2, 4, 4), { 1, 0.0,  390625,  4.6080e-5,  "N2XX 4 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B100,  1, 1), { 1, 0.0,  400000,  1.2104e-4,  "B100 1 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B100,  4, 1), { 1, 0.0,  400000,  7.9307e-5,  "B100 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B200,  1, 1), { 1, 26e6, GSMRATE, B2XX_TIMING_1SPS, "B200 1 SPS"   } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B200,  4, 1), { 1, 26e6, GSMRATE, B2XX_TIMING_4SPS, "B200 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B200,  4, 4), { 1, 26e6, GSMRATE, B2XX_TIMING_4_4SPS, "B200 4 SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210,  1, 1), { 2, 26e6, GSMRATE, B2XX_TIMING_1SPS, "B210 1 SPS"    } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210,  4, 1), { 2, 26e6, GSMRATE, B2XX_TIMING_4SPS, "B210 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210,  4, 4), { 2, 26e6, GSMRATE, B2XX_TIMING_4_4SPS, "B210 4 SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(E1XX,  1, 1), { 1, 52e6, GSMRATE, 9.5192e-5,  "E1XX 1 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(E1XX,  4, 1), { 1, 52e6, GSMRATE, 6.5571e-5,  "E1XX 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(E3XX,  1, 1), { 2, 26e6, GSMRATE, 1.8462e-4,  "E3XX 1 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(E3XX,  4, 1), { 2, 26e6, GSMRATE, 1.2923e-4,  "E3XX 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(X3XX,  1, 1), { 2, 0.0,  390625,  1.5360e-4,  "X3XX 1 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(X3XX,  4, 1), { 2, 0.0,  390625,  1.1264e-4,  "X3XX 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS" } },
	{ std::make_tuple(X3XX,  4, 4), { 2, 0.0,  390625,  5.6567e-5,  "X3XX 4 SPS"         } },
	{ std::make_tuple(UMTRX, 1, 1), { 2, 0.0,  GSMRATE, 9.9692e-5,  "UmTRX 1 SPS"        } },
	{ std::make_tuple(UMTRX, 4, 1), { 2, 0.0,  GSMRATE, 7.3846e-5,  "UmTRX 4/1 Tx/Rx SPS"} },
	{ std::make_tuple(UMTRX, 4, 4), { 2, 0.0,  GSMRATE, 5.1503e-5,  "UmTRX 4 SPS"        } },
	{ std::make_tuple(LIMESDR, 4, 4), { 1, GSMRATE*32, GSMRATE, 8.9e-5, "LimeSDR 4 SPS"  } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B2XX_MCBTS, 4, 4), { 1, 51.2e6, MCBTS_SPACING*4, B2XX_TIMING_MCBTS, "B200/B210 4 SPS Multi-ARFCN" } },
};

typedef std::tuple<uhd_dev_type, enum gsm_band> dev_band_key;
typedef std::map<dev_band_key, dev_band_desc>::const_iterator dev_band_map_it;
static const std::map<dev_band_key, dev_band_desc> dev_band_nom_power_param_map {
	{ std::make_tuple(B200, GSM_BAND_850),	{ 89.75, 13.3, -7.5  } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B200, GSM_BAND_900),	{ 89.75, 13.3, -7.5  } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B200, GSM_BAND_1800),	{ 89.75, 7.5,  -11.0 } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B200, GSM_BAND_1900),	{ 89.75, 7.7,  -11.0 } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210, GSM_BAND_850),	{ 89.75, 13.3, -7.5  } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210, GSM_BAND_900),	{ 89.75, 13.3, -7.5  } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210, GSM_BAND_1800),	{ 89.75, 7.5,  -11.0 } },
	{ std::make_tuple(B210, GSM_BAND_1900),	{ 89.75, 7.7,  -11.0 } },
};

void *async_event_loop(uhd_device *dev)
{
	set_selfthread_name("UHDAsyncEvent");
	osmo_cpu_sched_vty_apply_localthread();

	while (1) {
		dev->recv_async_msg();
		pthread_testcancel();
	}

	return NULL;
}

#ifdef USE_UHD_3_11
static void uhd_log_handler(const uhd::log::logging_info &info)
{
	int level;

	switch (info.verbosity)
	{
	case uhd::log::trace:
	case uhd::log::debug:
		level = LOGL_DEBUG;
		break;
	case uhd::log::info:
		level = LOGL_INFO;
		break;
	case uhd::log::warning:
		level = LOGL_NOTICE;
		break;
	case uhd::log::error:
		level = LOGL_ERROR;
		break;
	case uhd::log::fatal:
		level = LOGL_FATAL;
		break;
	default:
		level = LOGL_NOTICE;
	}

	LOGSRC(DDEVDRV, level, info.file.c_str(), info.line) << "[" << info.component << "] " << info.message;
}
#else
/*
    Catch and drop underrun 'U' and overrun 'O' messages from stdout
    since we already report using the logging facility. Direct
    everything else appropriately.
 */
static void uhd_msg_handler(uhd::msg::type_t type, const std::string &msg)
{
	switch (type) {
	case uhd::msg::status:
		LOGC(DDEVDRV, INFO) << msg;
		break;
	case uhd::msg::warning:
		LOGC(DDEVDRV, NOTICE) << msg;
		break;
	case uhd::msg::error:
		LOGC(DDEVDRV, ERROR) << msg;
		break;
	case uhd::msg::fastpath:
		break;
	}
}
#endif

/* So far measurements done for B210 show really close to linear relationship
 * between gain and real output power, so we simply adjust the measured offset
 */
static double TxGain2TxPower(const dev_band_desc &desc, double tx_gain_db)
{
	return desc.nom_out_tx_power - (desc.nom_uhd_tx_gain - tx_gain_db);
}
static double TxPower2TxGain(const dev_band_desc &desc, double tx_power_dbm)
{
	return desc.nom_uhd_tx_gain - (desc.nom_out_tx_power - tx_power_dbm);
}

uhd_device::uhd_device(InterfaceType iface, const struct trx_cfg *cfg)
	: RadioDevice(iface, cfg), rx_gain_min(0.0), rx_gain_max(0.0), band_ass_curr_sess(false),
	  band((enum gsm_band)0), tx_spp(0), rx_spp(0), started(false), aligned(false), drop_cnt(0), prev_ts(0, 0),
	  ts_initial(0), ts_offset(0), async_event_thrd(NULL)
{
}

uhd_device::~uhd_device()
{
	stop();

	for (size_t i = 0; i < rx_buffers.size(); i++)
		delete rx_buffers[i];
}

void uhd_device::assign_band_desc(enum gsm_band req_band)
{
	dev_band_map_it it;

	it = dev_band_nom_power_param_map.find(dev_band_key(dev_type, req_band));
	if (it == dev_band_nom_power_param_map.end()) {
		dev_desc desc = dev_param_map.at(dev_key(dev_type, tx_sps, rx_sps));
		LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << "No Power parameters exist for device "
				    << desc.str << " on band " << gsm_band_name(req_band)
				    << ", using B210 ones as fallback";
		it = dev_band_nom_power_param_map.find(dev_band_key(B210, req_band));
	}
	OSMO_ASSERT(it != dev_band_nom_power_param_map.end())
	band_desc = it->second;
}

bool uhd_device::set_band(enum gsm_band req_band)
{
	if (band_ass_curr_sess && req_band != band) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requesting band " << gsm_band_name(req_band)
				  << " different from previous band " << gsm_band_name(band);
		return false;
	}

	if (req_band != band) {
		band = req_band;
		assign_band_desc(band);
	}
	band_ass_curr_sess = true;
	return true;
}

void uhd_device::get_dev_band_desc(dev_band_desc& desc)
{
	if (band == 0) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << "Power parameters requested before Tx Frequency was set! Providing band 900 by default...";
		assign_band_desc(GSM_BAND_900);
	}
	desc = band_desc;
}

void uhd_device::init_gains()
{
	double tx_gain_min, tx_gain_max;
	uhd::gain_range_t range;

	if (dev_type == UMTRX) {
		std::vector<std::string> gain_stages = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain_names(0);
		if (gain_stages[0] == "VGA") {
			LOGC(DDEV, WARNING) << "Update your UHD version for a proper Tx gain support";
		}
		if (gain_stages[0] == "VGA" || gain_stages[0] == "PA") {
			range = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain_range();
			tx_gain_min = range.start();
			tx_gain_max = range.stop();
		} else {
			range = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain_range("VGA2");
			tx_gain_min = UMTRX_VGA1_DEF + range.start();
			tx_gain_max = UMTRX_VGA1_DEF + range.stop();
		}
	} else {
		range = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain_range();
		tx_gain_min = range.start();
		tx_gain_max = range.stop();
	}
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Supported Tx gain range [" << tx_gain_min << "; " << tx_gain_max << "]";

	range = usrp_dev->get_rx_gain_range();
	rx_gain_min = range.start();
	rx_gain_max = range.stop();
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Supported Rx gain range [" << rx_gain_min << "; " << rx_gain_max << "]";

	for (size_t i = 0; i < tx_gains.size(); i++) {
		double gain = (tx_gain_min + tx_gain_max) / 2;
		LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Default setting Tx gain for channel " << i << " to " << gain;
		usrp_dev->set_tx_gain(gain, i);
		tx_gains[i] = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain(i);
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < rx_gains.size(); i++) {
		double gain = (rx_gain_min + rx_gain_max) / 2;
		LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Default setting Rx gain for channel " << i << " to " << gain;
		usrp_dev->set_rx_gain(gain, i);
		rx_gains[i] = usrp_dev->get_rx_gain(i);
	}

	return;

}

void uhd_device::set_rates()
{
	dev_desc desc = dev_param_map.at(dev_key(dev_type, tx_sps, rx_sps));
	if (desc.mcr != 0.0)
		usrp_dev->set_master_clock_rate(desc.mcr);

	tx_rate = (dev_type != B2XX_MCBTS) ? desc.rate * tx_sps : desc.rate;
	rx_rate = (dev_type != B2XX_MCBTS) ? desc.rate * rx_sps : desc.rate;

	usrp_dev->set_tx_rate(tx_rate);
	usrp_dev->set_rx_rate(rx_rate);
	tx_rate = usrp_dev->get_tx_rate();
	rx_rate = usrp_dev->get_rx_rate();

	ts_offset = static_cast<TIMESTAMP>(desc.offset * rx_rate);
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Rates configured for " << desc.str;
}

double uhd_device::setRxGain(double db, size_t chan)
{
	if (chan >= rx_gains.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return 0.0f;
	}

	usrp_dev->set_rx_gain(db, chan);
	rx_gains[chan] = usrp_dev->get_rx_gain(chan);

	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Set RX gain to " << rx_gains[chan] << "dB (asked for " << db << "dB)";

	return rx_gains[chan];
}

double uhd_device::getRxGain(size_t chan)
{
	if (chan >= rx_gains.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return 0.0f;
	}

	return rx_gains[chan];
}

double uhd_device::rssiOffset(size_t chan)
{
	double rssiOffset;
	dev_band_desc desc;

	if (chan >= rx_gains.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return 0.0f;
	}

	get_dev_band_desc(desc);
	rssiOffset = rx_gains[chan] + desc.rxgain2rssioffset_rel;
	return rssiOffset;
}

double uhd_device::setPowerAttenuation(int atten, size_t chan) {
	double tx_power, db;
	dev_band_desc desc;

	if (chan >= tx_gains.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel" << chan;
		return 0.0f;
	}

	get_dev_band_desc(desc);
	tx_power = desc.nom_out_tx_power - atten;
	db = TxPower2TxGain(desc, tx_power);

	if (dev_type == UMTRX) {
		std::vector<std::string> gain_stages = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain_names(0);
		if (gain_stages[0] == "VGA" || gain_stages[0] == "PA") {
			usrp_dev->set_tx_gain(db, chan);
		} else {
			// New UHD versions support split configuration of
			// Tx gain stages. We utilize this to set the gain
			// configuration, optimal for the Tx signal quality.
			// From our measurements, VGA1 must be 18dB plus-minus
			// one and VGA2 is the best when 23dB or lower.
			usrp_dev->set_tx_gain(UMTRX_VGA1_DEF, "VGA1", chan);
			usrp_dev->set_tx_gain(db-UMTRX_VGA1_DEF, "VGA2", chan);
		}
	} else {
		usrp_dev->set_tx_gain(db, chan);
	}

	tx_gains[chan] = usrp_dev->get_tx_gain(chan);

	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Set TX gain to " << tx_gains[chan] << "dB, ~"
			 <<  TxGain2TxPower(desc, tx_gains[chan]) << " dBm "
			 << "(asked for " << db << " dB, ~" << tx_power << " dBm)";

	return desc.nom_out_tx_power - TxGain2TxPower(desc, tx_gains[chan]);
}
double uhd_device::getPowerAttenuation(size_t chan) {
	dev_band_desc desc;
	if (chan >= tx_gains.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return 0.0f;
	}

	get_dev_band_desc(desc);
	return desc.nom_out_tx_power - TxGain2TxPower(desc, tx_gains[chan]);
}

int uhd_device::getNominalTxPower(size_t chan)
{
	dev_band_desc desc;
	get_dev_band_desc(desc);

	return desc.nom_out_tx_power;
}

/*
    Parse the UHD device tree and mboard name to find out what device we're
    dealing with. We need the window type so that the transceiver knows how to
    deal with the transport latency. Reject the USRP1 because UHD doesn't
    support timestamped samples with it.
 */
bool uhd_device::parse_dev_type()
{
	uhd::property_tree::sptr prop_tree = usrp_dev->get_device()->get_tree();
	std::string devString = prop_tree->access<std::string>("/name").get();
	std::string mboardString = usrp_dev->get_mboard_name();

	const std::map<std::string, std::pair<uhd_dev_type, TxWindowType>> devStringMap {
		{ "B100",     { B100,    TX_WINDOW_USRP1 } },
		{ "B200",     { B200,    TX_WINDOW_USRP1 } },
		{ "B200mini", { B200,    TX_WINDOW_USRP1 } },
		{ "B205mini", { B200,    TX_WINDOW_USRP1 } },
		{ "B210",     { B210,    TX_WINDOW_USRP1 } },
		{ "E100",     { E1XX,    TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "E110",     { E1XX,    TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "E310",     { E3XX,    TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "E3XX",     { E3XX,    TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "X300",     { X3XX,    TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "X310",     { X3XX,    TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "USRP2",    { USRP2,   TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "UmTRX",    { UMTRX,   TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
		{ "LimeSDR",  { LIMESDR, TX_WINDOW_FIXED } },
	};

	// Compare UHD motherboard and device strings */
	auto mapIter = devStringMap.begin();
	while (mapIter != devStringMap.end()) {
		if (devString.find(mapIter->first) != std::string::npos ||
		    mboardString.find(mapIter->first) != std::string::npos) {
			dev_type = std::get<0>(mapIter->second);
			tx_window = std::get<1>(mapIter->second);
			return true;
		}
		mapIter++;
	}

	LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Unsupported device " << devString;
	return false;
}

/*
 * Check for UHD version > 3.9.0 for E3XX support
 */
static bool uhd_e3xx_version_chk()
{
	std::string ver = uhd::get_version_string();
	std::string major_str(ver.begin(), ver.begin() + 3);
	std::string minor_str(ver.begin() + 4, ver.begin() + 7);

	int major_val = atoi(major_str.c_str());
	int minor_val = atoi(minor_str.c_str());

	if (major_val < 3)
		return false;
	if (minor_val < 9)
		return false;

	return true;
}

void uhd_device::set_channels(bool swap)
{
	if (iface == MULTI_ARFCN) {
		if (dev_type != B200 && dev_type != B210)
			throw std::invalid_argument("Device does not support MCBTS");
		dev_type = B2XX_MCBTS;
	}

	if (chans > dev_param_map.at(dev_key(dev_type, tx_sps, rx_sps)).channels)
		throw std::invalid_argument("Device does not support number of requested channels");

	std::string subdev_string;
	switch (dev_type) {
	case B210:
	case E3XX:
		if (chans == 1)
			subdev_string = swap ? "A:B" : "A:A";
		else if (chans == 2)
			subdev_string = swap ? "A:B A:A" : "A:A A:B";
		break;
	case X3XX:
	case UMTRX:
		if (chans == 1)
			subdev_string = swap ? "B:0" : "A:0";
		else if (chans == 2)
			subdev_string = swap ? "B:0 A:0" : "A:0 B:0";
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	if (!subdev_string.empty()) {
		uhd::usrp::subdev_spec_t spec(subdev_string);
		usrp_dev->set_tx_subdev_spec(spec);
		usrp_dev->set_rx_subdev_spec(spec);
	}
}

int uhd_device::open()
{
	const char *refstr;
	int clock_lock_attempts = 15;

	/* Register msg handler. Different APIs depending on UHD version */
#ifdef USE_UHD_3_11
	uhd::log::add_logger("OsmoTRX", &uhd_log_handler);
	uhd::log::set_log_level(uhd::log::debug);
	uhd::log::set_console_level(uhd::log::off);
	uhd::log::set_logger_level("OsmoTRX", uhd::log::debug);
#else
	uhd::msg::register_handler(&uhd_msg_handler);
#endif

	// Find UHD devices
	uhd::device_addr_t addr(cfg->dev_args);
	uhd::device_addrs_t dev_addrs = uhd::device::find(addr);
	if (dev_addrs.size() == 0) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "No UHD devices found with address '" << cfg->dev_args << "'";
		return -1;
	}

	// Use the first found device
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Using discovered UHD device " << dev_addrs[0].to_string();
	try {
		usrp_dev = uhd::usrp::multi_usrp::make(addr);
	} catch(uhd::key_error::exception &e) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD make failed, device " << cfg->dev_args << ", exception:\n" << e.what();
		return -1;
	}

	// Check for a valid device type and set bus type
	if (!parse_dev_type())
		return -1;

	if ((dev_type == E3XX) && !uhd_e3xx_version_chk()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "E3XX requires UHD 003.009.000 or greater";
		return -1;
	}

	try {
		set_channels(cfg->swap_channels);
	} catch (const std::exception &e) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Channel setting failed - " << e.what();
		return -1;
	}

	if (!set_antennas()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD antenna setting failed";
		return -1;
	}

	tx_freqs.resize(chans);
	rx_freqs.resize(chans);
	tx_gains.resize(chans);
	rx_gains.resize(chans);
	rx_buffers.resize(chans);

	switch (cfg->clock_ref) {
	case REF_INTERNAL:
		refstr = "internal";
		break;
	case REF_EXTERNAL:
		refstr = "external";
		break;
	case REF_GPS:
		refstr = "gpsdo";
		break;
	default:
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Invalid reference type";
		return -1;
	}

	usrp_dev->set_clock_source(refstr);

	std::vector<std::string> sensor_names = usrp_dev->get_mboard_sensor_names();
	if (std::find(sensor_names.begin(), sensor_names.end(), "ref_locked") != sensor_names.end()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Waiting for clock reference lock (max " << clock_lock_attempts << "s)..." << std::flush;
		while (!usrp_dev->get_mboard_sensor("ref_locked", 0).to_bool() && clock_lock_attempts--)
			sleep(1);

		if (!clock_lock_attempts) {
			LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Locking to external 10Mhz failed!";
			return -1;
		}
	}
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Selected clock source is " << usrp_dev->get_clock_source(0);

	try {
		set_rates();
        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD rate setting failed - " << e.what();
		return -1;
	}

	// Set RF frontend bandwidth
	if (dev_type == UMTRX) {
		// Setting LMS6002D LPF to 500kHz gives us the best signal quality
		for (size_t i = 0; i < chans; i++) {
			usrp_dev->set_tx_bandwidth(500*1000*2, i);
			usrp_dev->set_rx_bandwidth(500*1000*2, i);
		}
	} else if (dev_type == LIMESDR) {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < chans; i++) {
			usrp_dev->set_tx_bandwidth(5.2e6, i);
			usrp_dev->set_rx_bandwidth(1.4001e6, i);
		}
	}

	/* Create TX and RX streamers */
	uhd::stream_args_t stream_args("sc16");
	for (size_t i = 0; i < chans; i++)
		stream_args.channels.push_back(i);

	tx_stream = usrp_dev->get_tx_stream(stream_args);
	rx_stream = usrp_dev->get_rx_stream(stream_args);

	/* Number of samples per over-the-wire packet */
	tx_spp = tx_stream->get_max_num_samps();
	rx_spp = rx_stream->get_max_num_samps();

	// Create receive buffer
	size_t buf_len = SAMPLE_BUF_SZ / sizeof(uint32_t);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < rx_buffers.size(); i++)
		rx_buffers[i] = new smpl_buf(buf_len);

	// Create vector buffer
	pkt_bufs = std::vector<std::vector<short> >(chans, std::vector<short>(2 * rx_spp));
	for (size_t i = 0; i < pkt_bufs.size(); i++)
		pkt_ptrs.push_back(&pkt_bufs[i].front());

	// Initialize and shadow gain values
	init_gains();

	// Print configuration
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Device configuration: " << usrp_dev->get_pp_string();

	if (iface == MULTI_ARFCN)
		return MULTI_ARFCN;

	switch (dev_type) {
	case B100:
		return RESAMP_64M;
	case USRP2:
	case X3XX:
		return RESAMP_100M;
	case B200:
	case B210:
	case E1XX:
	case E3XX:
	case LIMESDR:
	default:
		break;
	}

	return NORMAL;
}

bool uhd_device::flush_recv(size_t num_pkts)
{
	uhd::rx_metadata_t md;
	size_t num_smpls;
	float timeout = UHD_RESTART_TIMEOUT;

	ts_initial = 0;
	while (!ts_initial || (num_pkts-- > 0)) {
		num_smpls = rx_stream->recv(pkt_ptrs, rx_spp, md,
					    timeout, true);
		if (!num_smpls) {
			switch (md.error_code) {
			case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_TIMEOUT:
				LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Device timed out";
				return false;
			default:
				continue;
			}
		}

		ts_initial = md.time_spec.to_ticks(rx_rate);
	}

	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Initial timestamp " << ts_initial << std::endl;

	return true;
}

bool uhd_device::restart()
{
	/* Allow 100 ms delay to align multi-channel streams */
	double delay = 0.1;

	aligned = false;

	uhd::time_spec_t current = usrp_dev->get_time_now();

	uhd::stream_cmd_t cmd = uhd::stream_cmd_t::STREAM_MODE_START_CONTINUOUS;
	cmd.stream_now = false;
	cmd.time_spec = uhd::time_spec_t(current.get_real_secs() + delay);

	usrp_dev->issue_stream_cmd(cmd);

	return flush_recv(10);
}

bool uhd_device::start()
{
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Starting USRP...";

	if (started) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << "Device already started";
		return false;
	}

	// Start asynchronous event (underrun check) loop
	async_event_thrd = new Thread();
	async_event_thrd->start((void * (*)(void*))async_event_loop, (void*)this);

	// Start streaming
	if (!restart())
		return false;

	// Display usrp time
	double time_now = usrp_dev->get_time_now().get_real_secs();
	LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "The current time is " << time_now << " seconds";

	started = true;
	return true;
}

bool uhd_device::stop()
{
	if (!started)
		return false;

	uhd::stream_cmd_t stream_cmd =
		uhd::stream_cmd_t::STREAM_MODE_STOP_CONTINUOUS;

	usrp_dev->issue_stream_cmd(stream_cmd);

	async_event_thrd->cancel();
	async_event_thrd->join();
	delete async_event_thrd;

	/* reset internal buffer timestamps */
	for (size_t i = 0; i < rx_buffers.size(); i++)
		rx_buffers[i]->reset();

	band_ass_curr_sess = false;

	started = false;
	return true;
}

int uhd_device::check_rx_md_err(uhd::rx_metadata_t &md, ssize_t num_smpls)
{
	if (!num_smpls) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << str_code(md);

		switch (md.error_code) {
		case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_TIMEOUT:
			LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD: Receive timed out";
			return ERROR_TIMEOUT;
		case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_OVERFLOW:
		case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_LATE_COMMAND:
		case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_BROKEN_CHAIN:
		case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_BAD_PACKET:
		default:
			return ERROR_UNHANDLED;
		}
	}

	// Missing timestamp
	if (!md.has_time_spec) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD: Received packet missing timestamp";
		return ERROR_UNRECOVERABLE;
	}

	// Monotonicity check
	if (md.time_spec < prev_ts) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD: Loss of monotonic time";
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Current time: " << md.time_spec.get_real_secs() << ", "
			   << "Previous time: " << prev_ts.get_real_secs();
		return ERROR_TIMING;
	}

	// Workaround for UHD tick rounding bug
	TIMESTAMP ticks = md.time_spec.to_ticks(rx_rate);
	if (ticks - prev_ts.to_ticks(rx_rate) == rx_spp - 1)
		md.time_spec = uhd::time_spec_t::from_ticks(++ticks, rx_rate);

	prev_ts = md.time_spec;

	return 0;
}

int uhd_device::readSamples(std::vector<short *> &bufs, int len, bool *overrun,
			    TIMESTAMP timestamp, bool *underrun)
{
	ssize_t rc;
	uhd::time_spec_t ts;
	uhd::rx_metadata_t metadata;

	if (bufs.size() != chans) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Invalid channel combination " << bufs.size();
		return -1;
	}

	*overrun = false;
	*underrun = false;

	// Shift read time with respect to transmit clock
	timestamp += ts_offset;

	ts = uhd::time_spec_t::from_ticks(timestamp, rx_rate);
	LOGC(DDEV, DEBUG) << "Requested timestamp = " << ts.get_real_secs();

	// Check that timestamp is valid
	rc = rx_buffers[0]->avail_smpls(timestamp);
	if (rc < 0) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << rx_buffers[0]->str_code(rc);
		LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << rx_buffers[0]->str_status(timestamp);
		return 0;
	}

	// Receive samples from the usrp until we have enough
	while (rx_buffers[0]->avail_smpls(timestamp) < len) {
		thread_enable_cancel(false);
		size_t num_smpls = rx_stream->recv(pkt_ptrs, rx_spp,
						   metadata, 0.1, true);
		thread_enable_cancel(true);

		// Check for errors
		rc = check_rx_md_err(metadata, num_smpls);
		switch (rc) {
		case ERROR_UNRECOVERABLE:
			LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD: Version " << uhd::get_version_string();
			LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD: Unrecoverable error, exiting...";
			exit(-1);
		case ERROR_TIMEOUT:
			// Assume stopping condition
			return 0;
		case ERROR_TIMING:
			restart();
		case ERROR_UNHANDLED:
			continue;
		}

		ts = metadata.time_spec;
		LOGC(DDEV, DEBUG) << "Received timestamp = " << ts.get_real_secs();

		for (size_t i = 0; i < rx_buffers.size(); i++) {
			rc = rx_buffers[i]->write((short *) &pkt_bufs[i].front(),
						  num_smpls,
						  ts.to_ticks(rx_rate));

			// Continue on local overrun, exit on other errors
			if ((rc < 0)) {
				LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << rx_buffers[i]->str_code(rc);
				LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << rx_buffers[i]->str_status(timestamp);
				if (rc != smpl_buf::ERROR_OVERFLOW)
					return 0;
			}
		}
	}

	// We have enough samples
	for (size_t i = 0; i < rx_buffers.size(); i++) {
		rc = rx_buffers[i]->read(bufs[i], len, timestamp);
		if ((rc < 0) || (rc != len)) {
			LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << rx_buffers[i]->str_code(rc);
			LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << rx_buffers[i]->str_status(timestamp);
			return 0;
		}
	}

	return len;
}

int uhd_device::writeSamples(std::vector<short *> &bufs, int len, bool *underrun,
			     unsigned long long timestamp)
{
	uhd::tx_metadata_t metadata;
	metadata.has_time_spec = true;
	metadata.start_of_burst = false;
	metadata.end_of_burst = false;
	metadata.time_spec = uhd::time_spec_t::from_ticks(timestamp, tx_rate);

	*underrun = false;

	if (bufs.size() != chans) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Invalid channel combination " << bufs.size();
		return -1;
	}

	// Drop a fixed number of packets (magic value)
	if (!aligned) {
		drop_cnt++;

		if (drop_cnt == 1) {
			LOGC(DDEV, DEBUG) << "Aligning transmitter: stop burst";
			*underrun = true;
			metadata.end_of_burst = true;
		} else if (drop_cnt < 30) {
			LOGC(DDEV, DEBUG) << "Aligning transmitter: packet advance";
			return len;
		} else {
			LOGC(DDEV, DEBUG) << "Aligning transmitter: start burst";
			metadata.start_of_burst = true;
			aligned = true;
			drop_cnt = 0;
		}
	}

	thread_enable_cancel(false);
	size_t num_smpls = tx_stream->send(bufs, len, metadata);
	thread_enable_cancel(true);

	if (num_smpls != (unsigned) len) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD: Device send timed out";
	}

	return num_smpls;
}

bool uhd_device::updateAlignment(TIMESTAMP timestamp)
{
	return true;
}

uhd::tune_request_t uhd_device::select_freq(double freq, size_t chan, bool tx)
{
	double rf_spread, rf_freq;
	std::vector<double> freqs;
	uhd::tune_request_t treq(freq);

	if (dev_type == UMTRX) {
		if (lo_offset != 0.0)
			return uhd::tune_request_t(freq, lo_offset);

		// Don't use DSP tuning, because LMS6002D PLL steps are small enough.
		// We end up with DSP tuning just for 2-3Hz, which is meaningless and
		// only distort the signal (because cordic is not ideal).
		treq.target_freq = freq;
		treq.rf_freq_policy = uhd::tune_request_t::POLICY_MANUAL;
		treq.rf_freq = freq;
		treq.dsp_freq_policy = uhd::tune_request_t::POLICY_MANUAL;
		treq.dsp_freq = 0.0;
		return treq;
	} else if (chans == 1) {
		if (lo_offset == 0.0)
			return treq;

		return uhd::tune_request_t(freq, lo_offset);
	} else if ((dev_type != B210) || (chans > 2) || (chan > 1)) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << chans << " channels unsupported";
		return treq;
	}

	if (tx)
		freqs = tx_freqs;
	else
		freqs = rx_freqs;

	/* Tune directly if other channel isn't tuned */
	if (freqs[!chan] < 10.0)
		return treq;

	/* Find center frequency between channels */
	rf_spread = fabs(freqs[!chan] - freq);
	if (rf_spread > dev_param_map.at(dev_key(B210, tx_sps, rx_sps)).mcr) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << rf_spread << "Hz tuning spread not supported\n";
		return treq;
	}

	rf_freq = (freqs[!chan] + freq) / 2.0f;

	treq.rf_freq_policy = uhd::tune_request_t::POLICY_MANUAL;
	treq.target_freq = freq;
	treq.rf_freq = rf_freq;

	return treq;
}

bool uhd_device::set_freq(double freq, size_t chan, bool tx)
{
	std::vector<double> freqs;
	uhd::tune_result_t tres;
	uhd::tune_request_t treq = select_freq(freq, chan, tx);
	std::string str_dir;

	if (tx) {
		tres = usrp_dev->set_tx_freq(treq, chan);
		tx_freqs[chan] = usrp_dev->get_tx_freq(chan);
		str_dir = "Tx";
	} else {
		tres = usrp_dev->set_rx_freq(treq, chan);
		rx_freqs[chan] = usrp_dev->get_rx_freq(chan);
		str_dir = "Rx";
	}
	LOGCHAN(chan, DDEV, INFO) << "set_freq(" << freq << ", " << str_dir << "): " << tres.to_pp_string() << std::endl;

	if ((chans == 1) || ((chans == 2) && dev_type == UMTRX))
		return true;

	/* Manual RF policy means we intentionally tuned with a baseband
	 * offset for dual-channel purposes. Now retune the other channel
	 * with the opposite corresponding frequency offset
	 */
	if (treq.rf_freq_policy == uhd::tune_request_t::POLICY_MANUAL) {
		if (tx) {
			treq = select_freq(tx_freqs[!chan], !chan, true);
			tres = usrp_dev->set_tx_freq(treq, !chan);
			tx_freqs[!chan] = usrp_dev->get_tx_freq(!chan);
		} else {
			treq = select_freq(rx_freqs[!chan], !chan, false);
			tres = usrp_dev->set_rx_freq(treq, !chan);
			rx_freqs[!chan] = usrp_dev->get_rx_freq(!chan);

		}
		LOGCHAN(chan, DDEV, INFO) << "set_freq(" << freq << ", " << str_dir << "): " << tres.to_pp_string() << std::endl;
	}

	return true;
}

bool uhd_device::setTxFreq(double wFreq, size_t chan)
{
	uint16_t req_arfcn;
	enum gsm_band req_band;

	if (chan >= tx_freqs.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return false;
	}
	ScopedLock lock(tune_lock);

	req_arfcn = gsm_freq102arfcn(wFreq / 1000 / 100 , 0);
	if (req_arfcn == 0xffff) {
		LOGCHAN(chan, DDEV, ALERT) << "Unknown ARFCN for Tx Frequency " << wFreq / 1000 << " kHz";
		return false;
	}
	if (gsm_arfcn2band_rc(req_arfcn, &req_band) < 0) {
		LOGCHAN(chan, DDEV, ALERT) << "Unknown GSM band for Tx Frequency " << wFreq
					   << " Hz (ARFCN " << req_arfcn << " )";
		return false;
	}

	if (!set_band(req_band))
		return false;

	if (!set_freq(wFreq, chan, true))
		return false;

	return true;
}

bool uhd_device::setRxFreq(double wFreq, size_t chan)
{
	uint16_t req_arfcn;
	enum gsm_band req_band;

	if (chan >= rx_freqs.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return false;
	}
	ScopedLock lock(tune_lock);

	req_arfcn = gsm_freq102arfcn(wFreq / 1000 / 100, 1);
	if (req_arfcn == 0xffff) {
		LOGCHAN(chan, DDEV, ALERT) << "Unknown ARFCN for Rx Frequency " << wFreq / 1000 << " kHz";
		return false;
	}
	if (gsm_arfcn2band_rc(req_arfcn, &req_band) < 0) {
		LOGCHAN(chan, DDEV, ALERT) << "Unknown GSM band for Rx Frequency " << wFreq
					   << " Hz (ARFCN " << req_arfcn << " )";
		return false;
	}

	if (!set_band(req_band))
		return false;

	return set_freq(wFreq, chan, false);
}

double uhd_device::getTxFreq(size_t chan)
{
	if (chan >= tx_freqs.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return 0.0;
	}

	return tx_freqs[chan];
}

double uhd_device::getRxFreq(size_t chan)
{
	if (chan >= rx_freqs.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return 0.0;
	}

	return rx_freqs[chan];
}

bool uhd_device::setRxAntenna(const std::string &ant, size_t chan)
{
	std::vector<std::string> avail;
	if (chan >= rx_paths.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return false;
	}

	/* UHD may throw a LookupError/IndexError here (see OS#4636) */
	try {
		avail = usrp_dev->get_rx_antennas(chan);
	} catch (const uhd::index_error &e) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD Error: " << e.what();
		return false;
	}

	if (std::find(avail.begin(), avail.end(), ant) == avail.end()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent Rx antenna " << ant << " on channel " << chan;
		LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Available Rx antennas: ";
		for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator i = avail.begin(); i != avail.end(); ++i)
			LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "- '" << *i << "'";
		return false;
	}
	usrp_dev->set_rx_antenna(ant, chan);
	rx_paths[chan] = usrp_dev->get_rx_antenna(chan);

	if (ant != rx_paths[chan]) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Failed setting antenna " << ant << " on channel " << chan << ", got instead " << rx_paths[chan];
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

std::string uhd_device::getRxAntenna(size_t chan)
{
	if (chan >= rx_paths.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return "";
	}
	return usrp_dev->get_rx_antenna(chan);
}

bool uhd_device::setTxAntenna(const std::string &ant, size_t chan)
{
	std::vector<std::string> avail;
	if (chan >= tx_paths.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return false;
	}

	/* UHD may throw a LookupError/IndexError here (see OS#4636) */
	try {
		avail = usrp_dev->get_tx_antennas(chan);
	} catch (const uhd::index_error &e) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "UHD Error: " << e.what();
		return false;
	}

	if (std::find(avail.begin(), avail.end(), ant) == avail.end()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent Tx antenna " << ant << " on channel " << chan;
		LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "Available Tx antennas: ";
		for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator i = avail.begin(); i != avail.end(); ++i)
			LOGC(DDEV, INFO) << "- '" << *i << "'";
		return false;
	}
	usrp_dev->set_tx_antenna(ant, chan);
	tx_paths[chan] = usrp_dev->get_tx_antenna(chan);

	if (ant != tx_paths[chan]) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Failed setting antenna " << ant << " on channel " << chan << ", got instead " << tx_paths[chan];
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

std::string uhd_device::getTxAntenna(size_t chan)
{
	if (chan >= tx_paths.size()) {
		LOGC(DDEV, ALERT) << "Requested non-existent channel " << chan;
		return "";
	}
	return usrp_dev->get_tx_antenna(chan);
}

bool uhd_device::requiresRadioAlign()
{
	return false;
}

GSM::Time uhd_device::minLatency() {
	/* Empirical data from a handful of
	relatively recent machines shows that the B100 will underrun when
	the transmit threshold is reduced to a time of 6 and a half frames,
	so we set a minimum 7 frame threshold. */
	return GSM::Time(6,7);
}

/*
 * Only allow sampling the Rx path lower than Tx and not vice-versa.
 * Using Tx with 4 SPS and Rx at 1 SPS is the only allowed mixed
 * combination.
 */
TIMESTAMP uhd_device::initialWriteTimestamp()
{
	if ((iface == MULTI_ARFCN) || (rx_sps == tx_sps))
		return ts_initial;
	else
		return ts_initial * tx_sps;
}

TIMESTAMP uhd_device::initialReadTimestamp()
{
	return ts_initial;
}

double uhd_device::fullScaleInputValue()
{
	if (dev_type == LIMESDR)
		return (double) SHRT_MAX * LIMESDR_TX_AMPL;
	if (dev_type == UMTRX)
		return (double) SHRT_MAX * UMTRX_TX_AMPL;
	else
		return (double) SHRT_MAX * USRP_TX_AMPL;
}

double uhd_device::fullScaleOutputValue()
{
	return (double) SHRT_MAX;
}

bool uhd_device::recv_async_msg()
{
	uhd::async_metadata_t md;

	thread_enable_cancel(false);
	bool rc = usrp_dev->get_device()->recv_async_msg(md);
	thread_enable_cancel(true);
	if (!rc)
		return false;

	// Assume that any error requires resynchronization
	if (md.event_code != uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_BURST_ACK) {
		aligned = false;

		if ((md.event_code != uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_UNDERFLOW) &&
		    (md.event_code != uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_TIME_ERROR)) {
			LOGC(DDEV, ERROR) << str_code(md);
		}
	}

	return true;
}

std::string uhd_device::str_code(uhd::rx_metadata_t metadata)
{
	std::ostringstream ost("UHD: ");

	switch (metadata.error_code) {
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_NONE:
		ost << "No error";
		break;
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_TIMEOUT:
		ost << "No packet received, implementation timed-out";
		break;
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_LATE_COMMAND:
		ost << "A stream command was issued in the past";
		break;
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_BROKEN_CHAIN:
		ost << "Expected another stream command";
		break;
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_OVERFLOW:
		ost << "An internal receive buffer has filled";
		break;
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_ALIGNMENT:
		ost << "Multi-channel alignment failed";
		break;
	case uhd::rx_metadata_t::ERROR_CODE_BAD_PACKET:
		ost << "The packet could not be parsed";
		break;
	default:
		ost << "Unknown error " << metadata.error_code;
	}

	if (metadata.has_time_spec)
		ost << " at " << metadata.time_spec.get_real_secs() << " sec.";

	return ost.str();
}

std::string uhd_device::str_code(uhd::async_metadata_t metadata)
{
	std::ostringstream ost("UHD: ");

	switch (metadata.event_code) {
	case uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_BURST_ACK:
		ost << "A packet was successfully transmitted";
		break;
	case uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_UNDERFLOW:
		ost << "An internal send buffer has emptied";
		break;
	case uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_SEQ_ERROR:
		ost << "Packet loss between host and device";
		break;
	case uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_TIME_ERROR:
		ost << "Packet time was too late or too early";
		break;
	case uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_UNDERFLOW_IN_PACKET:
		ost << "Underflow occurred inside a packet";
		break;
	case uhd::async_metadata_t::EVENT_CODE_SEQ_ERROR_IN_BURST:
		ost << "Packet loss within a burst";
		break;
	default:
		ost << "Unknown error " << metadata.event_code;
	}

	if (metadata.has_time_spec)
		ost << " at " << metadata.time_spec.get_real_secs() << " sec.";

	return ost.str();
}

#ifndef IPCMAGIC
RadioDevice *RadioDevice::make(InterfaceType type, const struct trx_cfg *cfg)
{
	return new uhd_device(type, cfg);
}
#endif