diff --git a/src/rspro/OCTET_STRING.c b/src/rspro/OCTET_STRING.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e424e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rspro/OCTET_STRING.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2162 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Lev Walkin <vlm@lionet.info>.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * Redistribution and modifications are permitted subject to BSD license.
+ */
+#include <asn_internal.h>
+#include <OCTET_STRING.h>
+#include <BIT_STRING.h>	/* for .bits_unused member */
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/*
+ * OCTET STRING basic type description.
+ */
+static const ber_tlv_tag_t asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags[] = {
+	(ASN_TAG_CLASS_UNIVERSAL | (4 << 2))
+};
+static const asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs = {
+	sizeof(OCTET_STRING_t),
+	offsetof(OCTET_STRING_t, _asn_ctx),
+	ASN_OSUBV_STR
+};
+static const asn_per_constraints_t asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints = {
+	{ APC_CONSTRAINED, 8, 8, 0, 255 },
+	{ APC_SEMI_CONSTRAINED, -1, -1, 0, 0 },
+	0, 0
+};
+asn_TYPE_descriptor_t asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING = {
+	"OCTET STRING",		/* Canonical name */
+	"OCTET_STRING",		/* XML tag name */
+	OCTET_STRING_free,
+	OCTET_STRING_print,	/* non-ascii stuff, generally */
+	asn_generic_no_constraint,
+	OCTET_STRING_decode_ber,
+	OCTET_STRING_encode_der,
+	OCTET_STRING_decode_xer_hex,
+	OCTET_STRING_encode_xer,
+	OCTET_STRING_decode_uper,	/* Unaligned PER decoder */
+	OCTET_STRING_encode_uper,	/* Unaligned PER encoder */
+	OCTET_STRING_decode_aper,	/* Aligned PER decoder */
+	OCTET_STRING_encode_aper,	/* Aligned PER encoder */
+	0, /* Use generic outmost tag fetcher */
+	asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags,
+	sizeof(asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags)
+	  / sizeof(asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags[0]),
+	asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags,	/* Same as above */
+	sizeof(asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags)
+	  / sizeof(asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_tags[0]),
+	0,	/* No PER visible constraints */
+	0, 0,	/* No members */
+	&asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs
+};
+
+#undef	_CH_PHASE
+#undef	NEXT_PHASE
+#undef	PREV_PHASE
+#define	_CH_PHASE(ctx, inc) do {					\
+		if(ctx->phase == 0)					\
+			ctx->context = 0;				\
+		ctx->phase += inc;					\
+	} while(0)
+#define	NEXT_PHASE(ctx)	_CH_PHASE(ctx, +1)
+#define	PREV_PHASE(ctx)	_CH_PHASE(ctx, -1)
+
+#undef	ADVANCE
+#define	ADVANCE(num_bytes)	do {					\
+		size_t num = (num_bytes);				\
+		buf_ptr = ((const char *)buf_ptr) + num;		\
+		size -= num;						\
+		consumed_myself += num;					\
+	} while(0)
+
+#undef	RETURN
+#define	RETURN(_code)	do {						\
+		asn_dec_rval_t tmprval;					\
+		tmprval.code = _code;					\
+		tmprval.consumed = consumed_myself;			\
+		return tmprval;						\
+	} while(0)
+
+#undef	APPEND
+#define	APPEND(bufptr, bufsize)	do {					\
+		size_t _bs = (bufsize);		/* Append size */	\
+		size_t _ns = ctx->context;	/* Allocated now */	\
+		size_t _es = st->size + _bs;	/* Expected size */	\
+		/* int is really a typeof(st->size): */			\
+		if((int)_es < 0) RETURN(RC_FAIL);			\
+		if(_ns <= _es) {					\
+			void *ptr;					\
+			/* Be nice and round to the memory allocator */	\
+			do { _ns = _ns ? _ns << 1 : 16; }		\
+			    while(_ns <= _es);				\
+			/* int is really a typeof(st->size): */		\
+			if((int)_ns < 0) RETURN(RC_FAIL);		\
+			ptr = REALLOC(st->buf, _ns);			\
+			if(ptr) {					\
+				st->buf = (uint8_t *)ptr;		\
+				ctx->context = _ns;			\
+			} else {					\
+				RETURN(RC_FAIL);			\
+			}						\
+			ASN_DEBUG("Reallocating into %ld", (long)_ns);	\
+		}							\
+		memcpy(st->buf + st->size, bufptr, _bs);		\
+		/* Convenient nul-termination */			\
+		st->buf[_es] = '\0';					\
+		st->size = _es;						\
+	} while(0)
+
+/*
+ * The main reason why ASN.1 is still alive is that too much time and effort
+ * is necessary for learning it more or less adequately, thus creating a gut
+ * necessity to demonstrate that aquired skill everywhere afterwards.
+ * No, I am not going to explain what the following stuff is.
+ */
+struct _stack_el {
+	ber_tlv_len_t	left;	/* What's left to read (or -1) */
+	ber_tlv_len_t	got;	/* What was actually processed */
+	int	cont_level;	/* Depth of subcontainment */
+	int	want_nulls;	/* Want null "end of content" octets? */
+	int	bits_chopped;	/* Flag in BIT STRING mode */
+	ber_tlv_tag_t	tag;	/* For debugging purposes */
+	struct _stack_el *prev;
+	struct _stack_el *next;
+};
+struct _stack {
+	struct _stack_el *tail;
+	struct _stack_el *cur_ptr;
+};
+
+static struct _stack_el *
+OS__add_stack_el(struct _stack *st) {
+	struct _stack_el *nel;
+
+	/*
+	 * Reuse the old stack frame or allocate a new one.
+	 */
+	if(st->cur_ptr && st->cur_ptr->next) {
+		nel = st->cur_ptr->next;
+		nel->bits_chopped = 0;
+		nel->got = 0;
+		/* Retain the nel->cont_level, it's correct. */
+	} else {
+		nel = (struct _stack_el *)CALLOC(1, sizeof(struct _stack_el));
+		if(nel == NULL)
+			return NULL;
+	
+		if(st->tail) {
+			/* Increase a subcontainment depth */
+			nel->cont_level = st->tail->cont_level + 1;
+			st->tail->next = nel;
+		}
+		nel->prev = st->tail;
+		st->tail = nel;
+	}
+
+	st->cur_ptr = nel;
+
+	return nel;
+}
+
+static struct _stack *
+_new_stack() {
+	return (struct _stack *)CALLOC(1, sizeof(struct _stack));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode OCTET STRING type.
+ */
+asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_decode_ber(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
+	void **sptr, const void *buf_ptr, size_t size, int tag_mode) {
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+				? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+				: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	BIT_STRING_t *st = (BIT_STRING_t *)*sptr;
+	asn_dec_rval_t rval;
+	asn_struct_ctx_t *ctx;
+	ssize_t consumed_myself = 0;
+	struct _stack *stck;		/* Expectations stack structure */
+	struct _stack_el *sel = 0;	/* Stack element */
+	int tlv_constr;
+	enum asn_OS_Subvariant type_variant = specs->subvariant;
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Decoding %s as %s (frame %ld)",
+		td->name,
+		(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_STR) ?
+			"OCTET STRING" : "OS-SpecialCase",
+		(long)size);
+
+	/*
+	 * Create the string if does not exist.
+	 */
+	if(st == NULL) {
+		st = (BIT_STRING_t *)(*sptr = CALLOC(1, specs->struct_size));
+		if(st == NULL) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+	}
+
+	/* Restore parsing context */
+	ctx = (asn_struct_ctx_t *)((char *)st + specs->ctx_offset);
+
+	switch(ctx->phase) {
+	case 0:
+		/*
+		 * Check tags.
+		 */
+		rval = ber_check_tags(opt_codec_ctx, td, ctx,
+			buf_ptr, size, tag_mode, -1,
+			&ctx->left, &tlv_constr);
+		if(rval.code != RC_OK)
+			return rval;
+
+		if(tlv_constr) {
+			/*
+			 * Complex operation, requires stack of expectations.
+			 */
+			ctx->ptr = _new_stack();
+			if(ctx->ptr) {
+				stck = (struct _stack *)ctx->ptr;
+			} else {
+				RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+			}
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Jump into stackless primitive decoding.
+			 */
+			_CH_PHASE(ctx, 3);
+			if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_ANY && tag_mode != 1)
+				APPEND(buf_ptr, rval.consumed);
+			ADVANCE(rval.consumed);
+			goto phase3;
+		}
+
+		NEXT_PHASE(ctx);
+		/* Fall through */
+	case 1:
+	phase1:
+		/*
+		 * Fill the stack with expectations.
+		 */
+		stck = (struct _stack *)ctx->ptr;
+		sel = stck->cur_ptr;
+	  do {
+		ber_tlv_tag_t tlv_tag;
+		ber_tlv_len_t tlv_len;
+		ber_tlv_tag_t expected_tag;
+		ssize_t tl, ll, tlvl;
+				/* This one works even if (sel->left == -1) */
+		ssize_t Left = ((!sel||(size_t)sel->left >= size)
+					?(ssize_t)size:sel->left);
+
+
+		ASN_DEBUG("%p, s->l=%ld, s->wn=%ld, s->g=%ld\n", sel,
+			(long)(sel?sel->left:0),
+			(long)(sel?sel->want_nulls:0),
+			(long)(sel?sel->got:0)
+		);
+		if(sel && sel->left <= 0 && sel->want_nulls == 0) {
+			if(sel->prev) {
+				struct _stack_el *prev = sel->prev;
+				if(prev->left != -1) {
+					if(prev->left < sel->got)
+						RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+					prev->left -= sel->got;
+				}
+				prev->got += sel->got;
+				sel = stck->cur_ptr = prev;
+				if(!sel) break;
+				tlv_constr = 1;
+				continue;
+			} else {
+				sel = stck->cur_ptr = 0;
+				break;	/* Nothing to wait */
+			}
+		}
+
+		tl = ber_fetch_tag(buf_ptr, Left, &tlv_tag);
+		ASN_DEBUG("fetch tag(size=%ld,L=%ld), %sstack, left=%ld, wn=%ld, tl=%ld",
+			(long)size, (long)Left, sel?"":"!",
+			(long)(sel?sel->left:0),
+			(long)(sel?sel->want_nulls:0),
+			(long)tl);
+		switch(tl) {
+		case -1: RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		case 0: RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		}
+
+		tlv_constr = BER_TLV_CONSTRUCTED(buf_ptr);
+
+		ll = ber_fetch_length(tlv_constr,
+				(const char *)buf_ptr + tl,Left - tl,&tlv_len);
+		ASN_DEBUG("Got tag=%s, tc=%d, left=%ld, tl=%ld, len=%ld, ll=%ld",
+			ber_tlv_tag_string(tlv_tag), tlv_constr,
+				(long)Left, (long)tl, (long)tlv_len, (long)ll);
+		switch(ll) {
+		case -1: RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		case 0: RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		}
+
+		if(sel && sel->want_nulls
+			&& ((const uint8_t *)buf_ptr)[0] == 0
+			&& ((const uint8_t *)buf_ptr)[1] == 0)
+		{
+
+			ASN_DEBUG("Eat EOC; wn=%d--", sel->want_nulls);
+
+			if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_ANY
+			&& (tag_mode != 1 || sel->cont_level))
+				APPEND("\0\0", 2);
+
+			ADVANCE(2);
+			sel->got += 2;
+			if(sel->left != -1) {
+				sel->left -= 2;	/* assert(sel->left >= 2) */
+			}
+
+			sel->want_nulls--;
+			if(sel->want_nulls == 0) {
+				/* Move to the next expectation */
+				sel->left = 0;
+				tlv_constr = 1;
+			}
+
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Set up expected tags,
+		 * depending on ASN.1 type being decoded.
+		 */
+		switch(type_variant) {
+		case ASN_OSUBV_BIT:
+			/* X.690: 8.6.4.1, NOTE 2 */
+			/* Fall through */
+		case ASN_OSUBV_STR:
+		default:
+			if(sel) {
+				int level = sel->cont_level;
+				if(level < td->all_tags_count) {
+					expected_tag = td->all_tags[level];
+					break;
+				} else if(td->all_tags_count) {
+					expected_tag = td->all_tags
+						[td->all_tags_count - 1];
+					break;
+				}
+				/* else, Fall through */
+			}
+			/* Fall through */
+		case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+			expected_tag = tlv_tag;
+			break;
+		}
+
+
+		if(tlv_tag != expected_tag) {
+			char buf[2][32];
+			ber_tlv_tag_snprint(tlv_tag,
+				buf[0], sizeof(buf[0]));
+			ber_tlv_tag_snprint(td->tags[td->tags_count-1],
+				buf[1], sizeof(buf[1]));
+			ASN_DEBUG("Tag does not match expectation: %s != %s",
+				buf[0], buf[1]);
+			RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		}
+
+		tlvl = tl + ll;	/* Combined length of T and L encoding */
+		if((tlv_len + tlvl) < 0) {
+			/* tlv_len value is too big */
+			ASN_DEBUG("TLV encoding + length (%ld) is too big",
+				(long)tlv_len);
+			RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Append a new expectation.
+		 */
+		sel = OS__add_stack_el(stck);
+		if(!sel) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+
+		sel->tag = tlv_tag;
+
+		sel->want_nulls = (tlv_len==-1);
+		if(sel->prev && sel->prev->left != -1) {
+			/* Check that the parent frame is big enough */
+			if(sel->prev->left < tlvl + (tlv_len==-1?0:tlv_len))
+				RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+			if(tlv_len == -1)
+				sel->left = sel->prev->left - tlvl;
+			else
+				sel->left = tlv_len;
+		} else {
+			sel->left = tlv_len;
+		}
+		if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_ANY
+		&& (tag_mode != 1 || sel->cont_level))
+			APPEND(buf_ptr, tlvl);
+		sel->got += tlvl;
+		ADVANCE(tlvl);
+
+		ASN_DEBUG("+EXPECT2 got=%ld left=%ld, wn=%d, clvl=%d",
+			(long)sel->got, (long)sel->left,
+			sel->want_nulls, sel->cont_level);
+
+	  } while(tlv_constr);
+		if(sel == NULL) {
+			/* Finished operation, "phase out" */
+			ASN_DEBUG("Phase out");
+			_CH_PHASE(ctx, +3);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		NEXT_PHASE(ctx);
+		/* Fall through */
+	case 2:
+		stck = (struct _stack *)ctx->ptr;
+		sel = stck->cur_ptr;
+		ASN_DEBUG("Phase 2: Need %ld bytes, size=%ld, alrg=%ld, wn=%d",
+			(long)sel->left, (long)size, (long)sel->got,
+				sel->want_nulls);
+	    {
+		ber_tlv_len_t len;
+
+		assert(sel->left >= 0);
+
+		len = ((ber_tlv_len_t)size < sel->left)
+				? (ber_tlv_len_t)size : sel->left;
+		if(len > 0) {
+			if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT
+			&& sel->bits_chopped == 0) {
+				/* Put the unused-bits-octet away */
+				st->bits_unused = *(const uint8_t *)buf_ptr;
+				APPEND(((const char *)buf_ptr+1), (len - 1));
+				sel->bits_chopped = 1;
+			} else {
+				APPEND(buf_ptr, len);
+			}
+			ADVANCE(len);
+			sel->left -= len;
+			sel->got += len;
+		}
+
+		if(sel->left) {
+			ASN_DEBUG("OS left %ld, size = %ld, wn=%d\n",
+				(long)sel->left, (long)size, sel->want_nulls);
+			RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		}
+
+		PREV_PHASE(ctx);
+		goto phase1;
+	    }
+		break;
+	case 3:
+	phase3:
+		/*
+		 * Primitive form, no stack required.
+		 */
+		assert(ctx->left >= 0);
+
+		if(size < (size_t)ctx->left) {
+			if(!size) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+			if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT && !ctx->context) {
+				st->bits_unused = *(const uint8_t *)buf_ptr;
+				ctx->left--;
+				ADVANCE(1);
+			}
+			APPEND(buf_ptr, size);
+			assert(ctx->context > 0);
+			ctx->left -= size;
+			ADVANCE(size);
+			RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		} else {
+			if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT
+			&& !ctx->context && ctx->left) {
+				st->bits_unused = *(const uint8_t *)buf_ptr;
+				ctx->left--;
+				ADVANCE(1);
+			}
+			APPEND(buf_ptr, ctx->left);
+			ADVANCE(ctx->left);
+			ctx->left = 0;
+
+			NEXT_PHASE(ctx);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if(sel) {
+		ASN_DEBUG("3sel p=%p, wn=%d, l=%ld, g=%ld, size=%ld",
+			sel->prev, sel->want_nulls,
+			(long)sel->left, (long)sel->got, (long)size);
+		if(sel->prev || sel->want_nulls > 1 || sel->left > 0) {
+			RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * BIT STRING-specific processing.
+	 */
+	if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT && st->size) {
+		/* Finalize BIT STRING: zero out unused bits. */
+		st->buf[st->size-1] &= 0xff << st->bits_unused;
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Took %ld bytes to encode %s: [%s]:%ld",
+		(long)consumed_myself, td->name,
+		(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_STR) ? (char *)st->buf : "<data>",
+		(long)st->size);
+
+
+	RETURN(RC_OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Encode OCTET STRING type using DER.
+ */
+asn_enc_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_encode_der(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr,
+	int tag_mode, ber_tlv_tag_t tag,
+	asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
+	asn_enc_rval_t er;
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+				? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+				: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	BIT_STRING_t *st = (BIT_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	enum asn_OS_Subvariant type_variant = specs->subvariant;
+	int fix_last_byte = 0;
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("%s %s as OCTET STRING",
+		cb?"Estimating":"Encoding", td->name);
+
+	/*
+	 * Write tags.
+	 */
+	if(type_variant != ASN_OSUBV_ANY || tag_mode == 1) {
+		er.encoded = der_write_tags(td,
+				(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT) + st->size,
+			tag_mode, type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_ANY, tag,
+			cb, app_key);
+		if(er.encoded == -1) {
+			er.failed_type = td;
+			er.structure_ptr = sptr;
+			return er;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Disallow: [<tag>] IMPLICIT ANY */
+		assert(type_variant != ASN_OSUBV_ANY || tag_mode != -1);
+		er.encoded = 0;
+	}
+
+	if(!cb) {
+		er.encoded += (type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT) + st->size;
+		_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Prepare to deal with the last octet of BIT STRING.
+	 */
+	if(type_variant == ASN_OSUBV_BIT) {
+		uint8_t b = st->bits_unused & 0x07;
+		if(b && st->size) fix_last_byte = 1;
+		_ASN_CALLBACK(&b, 1);
+		er.encoded++;
+	}
+
+	/* Invoke callback for the main part of the buffer */
+	_ASN_CALLBACK(st->buf, st->size - fix_last_byte);
+
+	/* The last octet should be stripped off the unused bits */
+	if(fix_last_byte) {
+		uint8_t b = st->buf[st->size-1] & (0xff << st->bits_unused);
+		_ASN_CALLBACK(&b, 1);
+	}
+
+	er.encoded += st->size;
+	_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+cb_failed:
+	_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+}
+
+asn_enc_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_encode_xer(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr,
+	int ilevel, enum xer_encoder_flags_e flags,
+		asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
+	const char * const h2c = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+	const OCTET_STRING_t *st = (const OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	asn_enc_rval_t er;
+	char scratch[16 * 3 + 4];
+	char *p = scratch;
+	uint8_t *buf;
+	uint8_t *end;
+	size_t i;
+
+	if(!st || (!st->buf && st->size))
+		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+	er.encoded = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Dump the contents of the buffer in hexadecimal.
+	 */
+	buf = st->buf;
+	end = buf + st->size;
+	if(flags & XER_F_CANONICAL) {
+		char *scend = scratch + (sizeof(scratch) - 2);
+		for(; buf < end; buf++) {
+			if(p >= scend) {
+				_ASN_CALLBACK(scratch, p - scratch);
+				er.encoded += p - scratch;
+				p = scratch;
+			}
+			*p++ = h2c[(*buf >> 4) & 0x0F];
+			*p++ = h2c[*buf & 0x0F];
+		}
+
+		_ASN_CALLBACK(scratch, p-scratch);	/* Dump the rest */
+		er.encoded += p - scratch;
+	} else {
+		for(i = 0; buf < end; buf++, i++) {
+			if(!(i % 16) && (i || st->size > 16)) {
+				_ASN_CALLBACK(scratch, p-scratch);
+				er.encoded += (p-scratch);
+				p = scratch;
+				_i_ASN_TEXT_INDENT(1, ilevel);
+			}
+			*p++ = h2c[(*buf >> 4) & 0x0F];
+			*p++ = h2c[*buf & 0x0F];
+			*p++ = 0x20;
+		}
+		if(p - scratch) {
+			p--;	/* Remove the tail space */
+			_ASN_CALLBACK(scratch, p-scratch); /* Dump the rest */
+			er.encoded += p - scratch;
+			if(st->size > 16)
+				_i_ASN_TEXT_INDENT(1, ilevel-1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+cb_failed:
+	_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+}
+
+static const struct OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table_s {
+	const char *string;
+	int size;
+} OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table[] = {
+#define	OSXET(s)	{ s, sizeof(s) - 1 }
+	OSXET("\074\156\165\154\057\076"),	/* <nul/> */
+	OSXET("\074\163\157\150\057\076"),	/* <soh/> */
+	OSXET("\074\163\164\170\057\076"),	/* <stx/> */
+	OSXET("\074\145\164\170\057\076"),	/* <etx/> */
+	OSXET("\074\145\157\164\057\076"),	/* <eot/> */
+	OSXET("\074\145\156\161\057\076"),	/* <enq/> */
+	OSXET("\074\141\143\153\057\076"),	/* <ack/> */
+	OSXET("\074\142\145\154\057\076"),	/* <bel/> */
+	OSXET("\074\142\163\057\076"),		/* <bs/> */
+	OSXET("\011"),				/* \t */
+	OSXET("\012"),				/* \n */
+	OSXET("\074\166\164\057\076"),		/* <vt/> */
+	OSXET("\074\146\146\057\076"),		/* <ff/> */
+	OSXET("\015"),				/* \r */
+	OSXET("\074\163\157\057\076"),		/* <so/> */
+	OSXET("\074\163\151\057\076"),		/* <si/> */
+	OSXET("\074\144\154\145\057\076"),	/* <dle/> */
+	OSXET("\074\144\143\061\057\076"),	/* <de1/> */
+	OSXET("\074\144\143\062\057\076"),	/* <de2/> */
+	OSXET("\074\144\143\063\057\076"),	/* <de3/> */
+	OSXET("\074\144\143\064\057\076"),	/* <de4/> */
+	OSXET("\074\156\141\153\057\076"),	/* <nak/> */
+	OSXET("\074\163\171\156\057\076"),	/* <syn/> */
+	OSXET("\074\145\164\142\057\076"),	/* <etb/> */
+	OSXET("\074\143\141\156\057\076"),	/* <can/> */
+	OSXET("\074\145\155\057\076"),		/* <em/> */
+	OSXET("\074\163\165\142\057\076"),	/* <sub/> */
+	OSXET("\074\145\163\143\057\076"),	/* <esc/> */
+	OSXET("\074\151\163\064\057\076"),	/* <is4/> */
+	OSXET("\074\151\163\063\057\076"),	/* <is3/> */
+	OSXET("\074\151\163\062\057\076"),	/* <is2/> */
+	OSXET("\074\151\163\061\057\076"),	/* <is1/> */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* " " */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* ! */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* \" */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* # */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* $ */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* % */
+	OSXET("\046\141\155\160\073"),	/* &amp; */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* ' */
+	{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}, /* ()*+,-./ */
+	{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}, /* 01234567 */
+	{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},			 /* 89:; */
+	OSXET("\046\154\164\073"),	/* &lt; */
+	{ 0, 0 },	/* = */
+	OSXET("\046\147\164\073"),	/* &gt; */
+};
+
+static int
+OS__check_escaped_control_char(const void *buf, int size) {
+	size_t i;
+	/*
+	 * Inefficient algorithm which translates the escape sequences
+	 * defined above into characters. Returns -1 if not found.
+	 * TODO: replace by a faster algorithm (bsearch(), hash or
+	 * nested table lookups).
+	 */
+	for(i = 0; i < 32 /* Don't spend time on the bottom half */; i++) {
+		const struct OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table_s *el;
+		el = &OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table[i];
+		if(el->size == size && memcmp(buf, el->string, size) == 0)
+			return i;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+OCTET_STRING__handle_control_chars(void *struct_ptr, const void *chunk_buf, size_t chunk_size) {
+	/*
+	 * This might be one of the escape sequences
+	 * for control characters. Check it out.
+	 * #11.15.5
+	 */
+	int control_char = OS__check_escaped_control_char(chunk_buf,chunk_size);
+	if(control_char >= 0) {
+		OCTET_STRING_t *st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)struct_ptr;
+		void *p = REALLOC(st->buf, st->size + 2);
+		if(p) {
+			st->buf = (uint8_t *)p;
+			st->buf[st->size++] = control_char;
+			st->buf[st->size] = '\0';	/* nul-termination */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return -1;	/* No, it's not */
+}
+
+asn_enc_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_encode_xer_utf8(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr,
+	int ilevel, enum xer_encoder_flags_e flags,
+		asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
+	const OCTET_STRING_t *st = (const OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	asn_enc_rval_t er;
+	uint8_t *buf, *end;
+	uint8_t *ss;	/* Sequence start */
+	ssize_t encoded_len = 0;
+
+	(void)ilevel;	/* Unused argument */
+	(void)flags;	/* Unused argument */
+
+	if(!st || (!st->buf && st->size))
+		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+	buf = st->buf;
+	end = buf + st->size;
+	for(ss = buf; buf < end; buf++) {
+		unsigned int ch = *buf;
+		int s_len;	/* Special encoding sequence length */
+
+		/*
+		 * Escape certain characters: X.680/11.15
+		 */
+		if(ch < sizeof(OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table)
+			/sizeof(OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table[0])
+		&& (s_len = OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table[ch].size)) {
+			if(((buf - ss) && cb(ss, buf - ss, app_key) < 0)
+			|| cb(OCTET_STRING__xer_escape_table[ch].string, s_len,
+					app_key) < 0)
+				_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+			encoded_len += (buf - ss) + s_len;
+			ss = buf + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	encoded_len += (buf - ss);
+	if((buf - ss) && cb(ss, buf - ss, app_key) < 0)
+		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+	er.encoded = encoded_len;
+	_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert from hexadecimal format (cstring): "AB CD EF"
+ */
+static ssize_t OCTET_STRING__convert_hexadecimal(void *sptr, const void *chunk_buf, size_t chunk_size, int have_more) {
+	OCTET_STRING_t *st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	const char *chunk_stop = (const char *)chunk_buf;
+	const char *p = chunk_stop;
+	const char *pend = p + chunk_size;
+	unsigned int clv = 0;
+	int half = 0;	/* Half bit */
+	uint8_t *buf;
+
+	/* Reallocate buffer according to high cap estimation */
+	ssize_t _ns = st->size + (chunk_size + 1) / 2;
+	void *nptr = REALLOC(st->buf, _ns + 1);
+	if(!nptr) return -1;
+	st->buf = (uint8_t *)nptr;
+	buf = st->buf + st->size;
+
+	/*
+	 * If something like " a b c " appears here, the " a b":3 will be
+	 * converted, and the rest skipped. That is, unless buf_size is greater
+	 * than chunk_size, then it'll be equivalent to "ABC0".
+	 */
+	for(; p < pend; p++) {
+		int ch = *(const unsigned char *)p;
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 0x09: case 0x0a: case 0x0c: case 0x0d:
+		case 0x20:
+			/* Ignore whitespace */
+			continue;
+		case 0x30: case 0x31: case 0x32: case 0x33: case 0x34: /*01234*/
+		case 0x35: case 0x36: case 0x37: case 0x38: case 0x39: /*56789*/
+			clv = (clv << 4) + (ch - 0x30);
+			break;
+		case 0x41: case 0x42: case 0x43:	/* ABC */
+		case 0x44: case 0x45: case 0x46:	/* DEF */
+			clv = (clv << 4) + (ch - 0x41 + 10);
+			break;
+		case 0x61: case 0x62: case 0x63:	/* abc */
+		case 0x64: case 0x65: case 0x66:	/* def */
+			clv = (clv << 4) + (ch - 0x61 + 10);
+			break;
+		default:
+			*buf = 0;	/* JIC */
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if(half++) {
+			half = 0;
+			*buf++ = clv;
+			chunk_stop = p + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check partial decoding.
+	 */
+	if(half) {
+		if(have_more) {
+			/*
+			 * Partial specification is fine,
+			 * because no more more PXER_TEXT data is available.
+			 */
+			*buf++ = clv << 4;
+			chunk_stop = p;
+		}
+	} else {
+		chunk_stop = p;
+	}
+
+	st->size = buf - st->buf;	/* Adjust the buffer size */
+	assert(st->size <= _ns);
+	st->buf[st->size] = 0;		/* Courtesy termination */
+
+	return (chunk_stop - (const char *)chunk_buf);	/* Converted size */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert from binary format: "00101011101"
+ */
+static ssize_t OCTET_STRING__convert_binary(void *sptr, const void *chunk_buf, size_t chunk_size, int have_more) {
+	BIT_STRING_t *st = (BIT_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	const char *p = (const char *)chunk_buf;
+	const char *pend = p + chunk_size;
+	int bits_unused = st->bits_unused & 0x7;
+	uint8_t *buf;
+
+	/* Reallocate buffer according to high cap estimation */
+	ssize_t _ns = st->size + (chunk_size + 7) / 8;
+	void *nptr = REALLOC(st->buf, _ns + 1);
+	if(!nptr) return -1;
+	st->buf = (uint8_t *)nptr;
+	buf = st->buf + st->size;
+
+	(void)have_more;
+
+	if(bits_unused == 0)
+		bits_unused = 8;
+	else if(st->size)
+		buf--;
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert series of 0 and 1 into the octet string.
+	 */
+	for(; p < pend; p++) {
+		int ch = *(const unsigned char *)p;
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 0x09: case 0x0a: case 0x0c: case 0x0d:
+		case 0x20:
+			/* Ignore whitespace */
+			break;
+		case 0x30:
+		case 0x31:
+			if(bits_unused-- <= 0) {
+				*++buf = 0;	/* Clean the cell */
+				bits_unused = 7;
+			}
+			*buf |= (ch&1) << bits_unused;
+			break;
+		default:
+			st->bits_unused = bits_unused;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(bits_unused == 8) {
+		st->size = buf - st->buf;
+		st->bits_unused = 0;
+	} else {
+		st->size = buf - st->buf + 1;
+		st->bits_unused = bits_unused;
+	}
+
+	assert(st->size <= _ns);
+	st->buf[st->size] = 0;		/* Courtesy termination */
+
+	return chunk_size;	/* Converted in full */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Something like strtod(), but with stricter rules.
+ */
+static int
+OS__strtoent(int base, const char *buf, const char *end, int32_t *ret_value) {
+	int32_t val = 0;
+	const char *p;
+
+	for(p = buf; p < end; p++) {
+		int ch = *p;
+
+		/* Strange huge value */
+		if((val * base + base) < 0)
+			return -1;
+
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 0x30: case 0x31: case 0x32: case 0x33: case 0x34: /*01234*/
+		case 0x35: case 0x36: case 0x37: case 0x38: case 0x39: /*56789*/
+			val = val * base + (ch - 0x30);
+			break;
+		case 0x41: case 0x42: case 0x43:	/* ABC */
+		case 0x44: case 0x45: case 0x46:	/* DEF */
+			val = val * base + (ch - 0x41 + 10);
+			break;
+		case 0x61: case 0x62: case 0x63:	/* abc */
+		case 0x64: case 0x65: case 0x66:	/* def */
+			val = val * base + (ch - 0x61 + 10);
+			break;
+		case 0x3b:	/* ';' */
+			*ret_value = val;
+			return (p - buf) + 1;
+		default:
+			return -1;	/* Character set error */
+		}
+	}
+
+	*ret_value = -1;
+	return (p - buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert from the plain UTF-8 format, expanding entity references: "2 &lt; 3"
+ */
+static ssize_t OCTET_STRING__convert_entrefs(void *sptr, const void *chunk_buf, size_t chunk_size, int have_more) {
+	OCTET_STRING_t *st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	const char *p = (const char *)chunk_buf;
+	const char *pend = p + chunk_size;
+	uint8_t *buf;
+
+	/* Reallocate buffer */
+	ssize_t _ns = st->size + chunk_size;
+	void *nptr = REALLOC(st->buf, _ns + 1);
+	if(!nptr) return -1;
+	st->buf = (uint8_t *)nptr;
+	buf = st->buf + st->size;
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert series of 0 and 1 into the octet string.
+	 */
+	for(; p < pend; p++) {
+		int ch = *(const unsigned char *)p;
+		int len;	/* Length of the rest of the chunk */
+
+		if(ch != 0x26 /* '&' */) {
+			*buf++ = ch;
+			continue;	/* That was easy... */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Process entity reference.
+		 */
+		len = chunk_size - (p - (const char *)chunk_buf);
+		if(len == 1 /* "&" */) goto want_more;
+		if(p[1] == 0x23 /* '#' */) {
+			const char *pval;	/* Pointer to start of digits */
+			int32_t val = 0;	/* Entity reference value */
+			int base;
+
+			if(len == 2 /* "&#" */) goto want_more;
+			if(p[2] == 0x78 /* 'x' */)
+				pval = p + 3, base = 16;
+			else
+				pval = p + 2, base = 10;
+			len = OS__strtoent(base, pval, p + len, &val);
+			if(len == -1) {
+				/* Invalid charset. Just copy verbatim. */
+				*buf++ = ch;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if(!len || pval[len-1] != 0x3b) goto want_more;
+			assert(val > 0);
+			p += (pval - p) + len - 1; /* Advance past entref */
+
+			if(val < 0x80) {
+				*buf++ = (char)val;
+			} else if(val < 0x800) {
+				*buf++ = 0xc0 | ((val >> 6));
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val & 0x3f));
+			} else if(val < 0x10000) {
+				*buf++ = 0xe0 | ((val >> 12));
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 6) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val & 0x3f));
+			} else if(val < 0x200000) {
+				*buf++ = 0xf0 | ((val >> 18));
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 12) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 6) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val & 0x3f));
+			} else if(val < 0x4000000) {
+				*buf++ = 0xf8 | ((val >> 24));
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 18) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 12) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 6) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val & 0x3f));
+			} else {
+				*buf++ = 0xfc | ((val >> 30) & 0x1);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 24) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 18) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 12) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val >> 6) & 0x3f);
+				*buf++ = 0x80 | ((val & 0x3f));
+			}
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Ugly, limited parsing of &amp; &gt; &lt;
+			 */
+			char *sc = (char *)memchr(p, 0x3b, len > 5 ? 5 : len);
+			if(!sc) goto want_more;
+			if((sc - p) == 4
+				&& p[1] == 0x61	/* 'a' */
+				&& p[2] == 0x6d	/* 'm' */
+				&& p[3] == 0x70	/* 'p' */) {
+				*buf++ = 0x26;
+				p = sc;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if((sc - p) == 3) {
+				if(p[1] == 0x6c) {
+					*buf = 0x3c;	/* '<' */
+				} else if(p[1] == 0x67) {
+					*buf = 0x3e;	/* '>' */
+				} else {
+					/* Unsupported entity reference */
+					*buf++ = ch;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if(p[2] != 0x74) {
+					/* Unsupported entity reference */
+					*buf++ = ch;
+					continue;
+				}
+				buf++;
+				p = sc;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* Unsupported entity reference */
+			*buf++ = ch;
+		}
+
+		continue;
+	want_more:
+		if(have_more) {
+			/*
+			 * We know that no more data (of the same type)
+			 * is coming. Copy the rest verbatim.
+			 */
+			*buf++ = ch;
+			continue;
+		}
+		chunk_size = (p - (const char *)chunk_buf);
+		/* Processing stalled: need more data */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	st->size = buf - st->buf;
+	assert(st->size <= _ns);
+	st->buf[st->size] = 0;		/* Courtesy termination */
+
+	return chunk_size;	/* Converted in full */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode OCTET STRING from the XML element's body.
+ */
+static asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING__decode_xer(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void **sptr,
+	const char *opt_mname, const void *buf_ptr, size_t size,
+	int (*opt_unexpected_tag_decoder)
+		(void *struct_ptr, const void *chunk_buf, size_t chunk_size),
+	ssize_t (*body_receiver)
+		(void *struct_ptr, const void *chunk_buf, size_t chunk_size,
+			int have_more)
+) {
+	OCTET_STRING_t *st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)*sptr;
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+				? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+				: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	const char *xml_tag = opt_mname ? opt_mname : td->xml_tag;
+	asn_struct_ctx_t *ctx;		/* Per-structure parser context */
+	asn_dec_rval_t rval;		/* Return value from the decoder */
+	int st_allocated;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create the string if does not exist.
+	 */
+	if(!st) {
+		st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)CALLOC(1, specs->struct_size);
+		*sptr = (void *)st;
+		if(!st) goto sta_failed;
+		st_allocated = 1;
+	} else {
+		st_allocated = 0;
+	}
+	if(!st->buf) {
+		/* This is separate from above section */
+		st->buf = (uint8_t *)CALLOC(1, 1);
+		if(!st->buf) {
+			if(st_allocated) {
+				*sptr = 0;
+				goto stb_failed;
+			} else {
+				goto sta_failed;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Restore parsing context */
+	ctx = (asn_struct_ctx_t *)(((char *)*sptr) + specs->ctx_offset);
+
+	return xer_decode_general(opt_codec_ctx, ctx, *sptr, xml_tag,
+		buf_ptr, size, opt_unexpected_tag_decoder, body_receiver);
+
+stb_failed:
+	FREEMEM(st);
+sta_failed:
+	rval.code = RC_FAIL;
+	rval.consumed = 0;
+	return rval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode OCTET STRING from the hexadecimal data.
+ */
+asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_decode_xer_hex(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void **sptr,
+		const char *opt_mname, const void *buf_ptr, size_t size) {
+	return OCTET_STRING__decode_xer(opt_codec_ctx, td, sptr, opt_mname,
+		buf_ptr, size, 0, OCTET_STRING__convert_hexadecimal);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode OCTET STRING from the binary (0/1) data.
+ */
+asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_decode_xer_binary(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void **sptr,
+		const char *opt_mname, const void *buf_ptr, size_t size) {
+	return OCTET_STRING__decode_xer(opt_codec_ctx, td, sptr, opt_mname,
+		buf_ptr, size, 0, OCTET_STRING__convert_binary);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode OCTET STRING from the string (ASCII/UTF-8) data.
+ */
+asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_decode_xer_utf8(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void **sptr,
+		const char *opt_mname, const void *buf_ptr, size_t size) {
+	return OCTET_STRING__decode_xer(opt_codec_ctx, td, sptr, opt_mname,
+		buf_ptr, size,
+		OCTET_STRING__handle_control_chars,
+		OCTET_STRING__convert_entrefs);
+}
+
+static int
+OCTET_STRING_per_get_characters(asn_per_data_t *po, uint8_t *buf,
+		size_t units, unsigned int bpc, unsigned int unit_bits,
+		int64_t lb, int64_t ub, asn_per_constraints_t *pc) {
+	uint8_t *end = buf + units * bpc;
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Expanding %d characters into (%lld..%lld):%d",
+		(int)units, lb, ub, unit_bits);
+
+	/* X.691: 27.5.4 */
+	if((uint64_t)ub <= ((uint64_t)2 << (unit_bits - 1))) {
+		/* Decode without translation */
+		lb = 0;
+	} else if(pc && pc->code2value) {
+		if(unit_bits > 16)
+			return 1;	/* FATAL: can't have constrained
+					 * UniversalString with more than
+					 * 16 million code points */
+		for(; buf < end; buf += bpc) {
+			int value;
+			int code = per_get_few_bits(po, unit_bits);
+			if(code < 0) return -1;	/* WMORE */
+			value = pc->code2value(code);
+			if(value < 0) {
+				ASN_DEBUG("Code %d (0x%02x) is"
+					" not in map (%lld..%lld)",
+					code, code, lb, ub);
+				return 1;	/* FATAL */
+			}
+			switch(bpc) {
+			case 1: *buf = value; break;
+			case 2: buf[0] = value >> 8; buf[1] = value; break;
+			case 4: buf[0] = value >> 24; buf[1] = value >> 16;
+				buf[2] = value >> 8; buf[3] = value; break;
+			}
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Shortcut the no-op copying to the aligned structure */
+	if(lb == 0 && (unit_bits == 8 * bpc)) {
+		return per_get_many_bits(po, buf, 0, unit_bits * units);
+	}
+
+	for(; buf < end; buf += bpc) {
+		int code = per_get_few_bits(po, unit_bits);
+		int ch = code + lb;
+		if(code < 0) return -1;	/* WMORE */
+		if(ch > ub) {
+			ASN_DEBUG("Code %d is out of range (%lld..%lld)",
+				ch, lb, ub);
+			return 1;	/* FATAL */
+		}
+		switch(bpc) {
+		case 1: *buf = ch; break;
+		case 2: buf[0] = ch >> 8; buf[1] = ch; break;
+		case 4: buf[0] = ch >> 24; buf[1] = ch >> 16;
+			buf[2] = ch >> 8; buf[3] = ch; break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+OCTET_STRING_per_put_characters(asn_per_outp_t *po, const uint8_t *buf,
+		size_t units, unsigned int bpc, unsigned int unit_bits,
+		int64_t lb, int64_t ub, asn_per_constraints_t *pc) {
+	const uint8_t *end = buf + units * bpc;
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Squeezing %d characters into (%lld..%lld):%d (%d bpc)",
+		(int)units, lb, ub, unit_bits, bpc);
+
+	/* X.691: 27.5.4 */
+	if((uint64_t)ub <= ((uint64_t)2 << (unit_bits - 1))) {
+		/* Encode as is */
+		lb = 0;
+	} else if(pc && pc->value2code) {
+		for(; buf < end; buf += bpc) {
+			int code;
+			uint32_t value;
+			switch(bpc) {
+			case 1: value = *(const uint8_t *)buf; break;
+			case 2: value = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1]; break;
+			case 4: value = (buf[0] << 24) | (buf[1] << 16)
+					| (buf[2] << 8) | buf[3]; break;
+			default: return -1;
+			}
+			code = pc->value2code(value);
+			if(code < 0) {
+				ASN_DEBUG("Character %d (0x%02x) is"
+					" not in map (%lld..%lld)",
+					*buf, *buf, lb, ub);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if(per_put_few_bits(po, code, unit_bits))
+				return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Shortcut the no-op copying to the aligned structure */
+	if(lb == 0 && (unit_bits == 8 * bpc)) {
+		return per_put_many_bits(po, buf, unit_bits * units);
+	}
+
+	for(ub -= lb; buf < end; buf += bpc) {
+		int ch;
+		uint32_t value;
+		switch(bpc) {
+		case 1: value = *(const uint8_t *)buf; break;
+		case 2: value = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1]; break;
+		case 4: value = (buf[0] << 24) | (buf[1] << 16)
+				| (buf[2] << 8) | buf[3]; break;
+		default: return -1;
+		}
+		ch = value - lb;
+		if(ch < 0 || ch > ub) {
+			ASN_DEBUG("Character %d (0x%02x)"
+			" is out of range (%lld..%lld)",
+				*buf, *buf, lb, ub + lb);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if(per_put_few_bits(po, ch, unit_bits))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_decode_uper(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, asn_per_constraints_t *constraints,
+	void **sptr, asn_per_data_t *pd) {
+
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+		? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+		: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	asn_per_constraints_t *pc = constraints ? constraints
+				: td->per_constraints;
+	asn_per_constraint_t *cval;
+	asn_per_constraint_t *csiz;
+	asn_dec_rval_t rval = { RC_OK, 0 };
+	BIT_STRING_t *st = (BIT_STRING_t *)*sptr;
+	ssize_t consumed_myself = 0;
+	int repeat;
+	enum {
+		OS__BPC_BIT	= 0,
+		OS__BPC_CHAR	= 1,
+		OS__BPC_U16	= 2,
+		OS__BPC_U32	= 4
+	} bpc;	/* Bytes per character */
+	unsigned int unit_bits;
+	unsigned int canonical_unit_bits;
+
+	(void)opt_codec_ctx;
+
+	if(pc) {
+		cval = &pc->value;
+		csiz = &pc->size;
+	} else {
+		cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+		csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+	}
+
+	switch(specs->subvariant) {
+	default:
+	case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+		ASN_DEBUG("Unrecognized subvariant %d", specs->subvariant);
+		RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+	case ASN_OSUBV_BIT:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 1;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_BIT;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_STR:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 8;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_CHAR;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U16:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 16;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U16;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U32:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 32;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U32;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate the string.
+	 */
+	if(!st) {
+		st = (BIT_STRING_t *)(*sptr = CALLOC(1, specs->struct_size));
+		if(!st) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("PER Decoding %s size %lld .. %lld bits %d",
+		csiz->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE ? "extensible" : "non-extensible",
+		csiz->lower_bound, csiz->upper_bound, csiz->effective_bits);
+
+	if(csiz->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE) {
+		int inext = per_get_few_bits(pd, 1);
+		if(inext < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		if(inext) {
+			csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+			cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+			unit_bits = canonical_unit_bits;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(csiz->effective_bits >= 0) {
+		FREEMEM(st->buf);
+		if(bpc) {
+			st->size = csiz->upper_bound * bpc;
+		} else {
+			st->size = (csiz->upper_bound + 7) >> 3;
+		}
+		st->buf = (uint8_t *)MALLOC(st->size + 1);
+		if(!st->buf) { st->size = 0; RETURN(RC_FAIL); }
+	}
+
+	/* X.691, #16.5: zero-length encoding */
+	/* X.691, #16.6: short fixed length encoding (up to 2 octets) */
+	/* X.691, #16.7: long fixed length encoding (up to 64K octets) */
+	if(csiz->effective_bits == 0) {
+		int ret;
+		if(bpc) {
+			ASN_DEBUG("Encoding OCTET STRING size %lld",
+				csiz->upper_bound);
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_get_characters(pd, st->buf,
+				csiz->upper_bound, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+			if(ret > 0) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		} else {
+			ASN_DEBUG("Encoding BIT STRING size %lld",
+				csiz->upper_bound);
+			ret = per_get_many_bits(pd, st->buf, 0,
+					    unit_bits * csiz->upper_bound);
+		}
+		if(ret < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		consumed_myself += unit_bits * csiz->upper_bound;
+		st->buf[st->size] = 0;
+		if(bpc == 0) {
+			int ubs = (csiz->upper_bound & 0x7);
+			st->bits_unused = ubs ? 8 - ubs : 0;
+		}
+		RETURN(RC_OK);
+	}
+
+	st->size = 0;
+	do {
+		ssize_t raw_len;
+		ssize_t len_bytes;
+		ssize_t len_bits;
+		void *p;
+		int ret;
+
+		/* Get the PER length */
+		raw_len = uper_get_length(pd, csiz->effective_bits, &repeat);
+		if(raw_len < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		raw_len += csiz->lower_bound;
+
+		ASN_DEBUG("Got PER length eb %ld, len %ld, %s (%s)",
+			(long)csiz->effective_bits, (long)raw_len,
+			repeat ? "repeat" : "once", td->name);
+		if(bpc) {
+			len_bytes = raw_len * bpc;
+			len_bits = len_bytes * unit_bits;
+		} else {
+			len_bits = raw_len;
+			len_bytes = (len_bits + 7) >> 3;
+			if(len_bits & 0x7)
+				st->bits_unused = 8 - (len_bits & 0x7);
+			/* len_bits be multiple of 16K if repeat is set */
+		}
+		p = REALLOC(st->buf, st->size + len_bytes + 1);
+		if(!p) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		st->buf = (uint8_t *)p;
+
+		if(bpc) {
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_get_characters(pd,
+				&st->buf[st->size], raw_len, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+			if(ret > 0) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		} else {
+			ret = per_get_many_bits(pd, &st->buf[st->size],
+				0, len_bits);
+		}
+		if(ret < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		st->size += len_bytes;
+	} while(repeat);
+	st->buf[st->size] = 0;	/* nul-terminate */
+
+	return rval;
+}
+
+asn_dec_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_decode_aper(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
+	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, asn_per_constraints_t *constraints,
+	void **sptr, asn_per_data_t *pd) {
+
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+		? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+		: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	asn_per_constraints_t *pc = constraints ? constraints
+				: td->per_constraints;
+	asn_per_constraint_t *cval;
+	asn_per_constraint_t *csiz;
+	asn_dec_rval_t rval = { RC_OK, 0 };
+	BIT_STRING_t *st = (BIT_STRING_t *)*sptr;
+	ssize_t consumed_myself = 0;
+	int repeat;
+	enum {
+		OS__BPC_BIT	= 0,
+		OS__BPC_CHAR	= 1,
+		OS__BPC_U16	= 2,
+		OS__BPC_U32	= 4
+	} bpc;	/* Bytes per character */
+	unsigned int unit_bits;
+	unsigned int canonical_unit_bits;
+
+	(void)opt_codec_ctx;
+
+	if(pc) {
+		cval = &pc->value;
+		csiz = &pc->size;
+	} else {
+		cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+		csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+	}
+
+	switch(specs->subvariant) {
+	default:
+// 	case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+// 		ASN_DEBUG("Unrecognized subvariant %d", specs->subvariant);
+// 		RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+	case ASN_OSUBV_BIT:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 1;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_BIT;
+		break;
+    case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+	case ASN_OSUBV_STR:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 8;
+// 		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+// 			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_CHAR;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U16:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 16;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U16;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U32:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 32;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U32;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate the string.
+	 */
+	if(!st) {
+		st = (BIT_STRING_t *)(*sptr = CALLOC(1, specs->struct_size));
+		if(!st) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("PER Decoding %s size %lld .. %lld bits %d",
+		csiz->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE ? "extensible" : "non-extensible",
+		csiz->lower_bound, csiz->upper_bound, csiz->effective_bits);
+
+	if(csiz->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE) {
+		int inext = per_get_few_bits(pd, 1);
+		if(inext < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		if(inext) {
+			csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+			cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+			unit_bits = canonical_unit_bits;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(csiz->effective_bits >= 0) {
+		FREEMEM(st->buf);
+		if(bpc) {
+			st->size = csiz->upper_bound * bpc;
+		} else {
+			st->size = (csiz->upper_bound + 7) >> 3;
+		}
+		st->buf = (uint8_t *)MALLOC(st->size + 1);
+		if(!st->buf) { st->size = 0; RETURN(RC_FAIL); }
+	}
+
+	/* X.691, #16.5: zero-length encoding */
+	/* X.691, #16.6: short fixed length encoding (up to 2 octets) */
+	/* X.691, #16.7: long fixed length encoding (up to 64K octets) */
+	if(csiz->effective_bits == 0) {
+		int ret;
+		if (st->size > 2) { /* X.691 #16 NOTE 1 */
+			if (aper_get_align(pd) < 0)
+				RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		}
+		if(bpc) {
+			ASN_DEBUG("Decoding OCTET STRING size %lld",
+				csiz->upper_bound);
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_get_characters(pd, st->buf,
+				csiz->upper_bound, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+			if(ret > 0) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		} else {
+			ASN_DEBUG("Decoding BIT STRING size %lld",
+				csiz->upper_bound);
+			ret = per_get_many_bits(pd, st->buf, 0,
+					    unit_bits * csiz->upper_bound);
+		}
+		if(ret < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		consumed_myself += unit_bits * csiz->upper_bound;
+		st->buf[st->size] = 0;
+		if(bpc == 0) {
+			int ubs = (csiz->upper_bound & 0x7);
+			st->bits_unused = ubs ? 8 - ubs : 0;
+		}
+		RETURN(RC_OK);
+	}
+
+	st->size = 0;
+	do {
+		ssize_t raw_len;
+		ssize_t len_bytes;
+		ssize_t len_bits;
+		void *p;
+		int ret;
+
+		/* Get the PER length */
+		if (csiz->upper_bound - csiz->lower_bound == 0)
+			// Indefinite length case
+			raw_len = aper_get_length(pd, -1, csiz->effective_bits, &repeat);
+		else
+			raw_len = aper_get_length(pd, csiz->upper_bound - csiz->lower_bound + 1, csiz->effective_bits, &repeat);
+		repeat = 0;
+		if(raw_len < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		raw_len += csiz->lower_bound;
+
+		ASN_DEBUG("Got PER length eb %ld, len %ld, %s (%s)",
+			(long)csiz->effective_bits, (long)raw_len,
+			repeat ? "repeat" : "once", td->name);
+
+		if (raw_len > 2) { /* X.691 #16 NOTE 1 */
+			if (aper_get_align(pd) < 0)
+				RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		}
+
+		if(bpc) {
+			len_bytes = raw_len * bpc;
+			len_bits = len_bytes * unit_bits;
+		} else {
+			len_bits = raw_len;
+			len_bytes = (len_bits + 7) >> 3;
+			if(len_bits & 0x7)
+				st->bits_unused = 8 - (len_bits & 0x7);
+			/* len_bits be multiple of 16K if repeat is set */
+		}
+		p = REALLOC(st->buf, st->size + len_bytes + 1);
+		if(!p) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		st->buf = (uint8_t *)p;
+
+		if(bpc) {
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_get_characters(pd,
+				&st->buf[st->size], raw_len, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+			if(ret > 0) RETURN(RC_FAIL);
+		} else {
+			ret = per_get_many_bits(pd, &st->buf[st->size],
+				0, len_bits);
+		}
+		if(ret < 0) RETURN(RC_WMORE);
+		st->size += len_bytes;
+	} while(repeat);
+	st->buf[st->size] = 0;	/* nul-terminate */
+
+	return rval;
+}
+
+asn_enc_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_encode_uper(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
+        asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void *sptr, asn_per_outp_t *po) {
+
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+		? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+		: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	asn_per_constraints_t *pc = constraints ? constraints
+				: td->per_constraints;
+	asn_per_constraint_t *cval;
+	asn_per_constraint_t *csiz;
+	const BIT_STRING_t *st = (const BIT_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	asn_enc_rval_t er = { 0, 0, 0 };
+	int inext = 0;		/* Lies not within extension root */
+	unsigned int unit_bits;
+	unsigned int canonical_unit_bits;
+	unsigned int sizeinunits;
+	const uint8_t *buf;
+	int ret;
+	enum {
+		OS__BPC_BIT	= 0,
+		OS__BPC_CHAR	= 1,
+		OS__BPC_U16	= 2,
+		OS__BPC_U32	= 4
+	} bpc;	/* Bytes per character */
+	int ct_extensible;
+
+	if(!st || (!st->buf && st->size))
+		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+	if(pc) {
+		cval = &pc->value;
+		csiz = &pc->size;
+	} else {
+		cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+		csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+	}
+	ct_extensible = csiz->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE;
+
+	switch(specs->subvariant) {
+	default:
+	case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_BIT:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 1;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_BIT;
+		sizeinunits = st->size * 8 - (st->bits_unused & 0x07);
+		ASN_DEBUG("BIT STRING of %d bytes, %d bits unused",
+				sizeinunits, st->bits_unused);
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_STR:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 8;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_CHAR;
+		sizeinunits = st->size;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U16:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 16;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U16;
+		sizeinunits = st->size / 2;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U32:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 32;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U32;
+		sizeinunits = st->size / 4;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %s into %d units of %d bits"
+		" (%lld..%lld, effective %d)%s",
+		td->name, sizeinunits, unit_bits,
+		csiz->lower_bound, csiz->upper_bound,
+		csiz->effective_bits, ct_extensible ? " EXT" : "");
+
+	/* Figure out whether size lies within PER visible constraint */
+
+	if(csiz->effective_bits >= 0) {
+		if((int)sizeinunits < csiz->lower_bound
+		|| (int)sizeinunits > csiz->upper_bound) {
+			if(ct_extensible) {
+				cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+				csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+				unit_bits = canonical_unit_bits;
+				inext = 1;
+			} else
+				_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		}
+	} else {
+		inext = 0;
+	}
+
+	if(ct_extensible) {
+		/* Declare whether length is [not] within extension root */
+		if(per_put_few_bits(po, inext, 1))
+			_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	/* X.691, #16.5: zero-length encoding */
+	/* X.691, #16.6: short fixed length encoding (up to 2 octets) */
+	/* X.691, #16.7: long fixed length encoding (up to 64K octets) */
+	if(csiz->effective_bits >= 0) {
+		ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %d bytes (%lld), length in %d bits",
+				st->size, sizeinunits - csiz->lower_bound,
+				csiz->effective_bits);
+		ret = per_put_few_bits(po, sizeinunits - csiz->lower_bound,
+				csiz->effective_bits);
+		if(ret) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		if(bpc) {
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_put_characters(po, st->buf,
+				sizeinunits, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+		} else {
+			ret = per_put_many_bits(po, st->buf,
+				sizeinunits * unit_bits);
+		}
+		if(ret) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %d bytes", st->size);
+
+	if(sizeinunits == 0) {
+		if(uper_put_length(po, 0))
+			_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+	}
+
+	buf = st->buf;
+	while(sizeinunits) {
+		ssize_t maySave = uper_put_length(po, sizeinunits);
+		if(maySave < 0) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+		ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %ld of %ld",
+			(long)maySave, (long)sizeinunits);
+
+		if(bpc) {
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_put_characters(po, buf,
+				maySave, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+		} else {
+			ret = per_put_many_bits(po, buf, maySave * unit_bits);
+		}
+		if(ret) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+		if(bpc)
+			buf += maySave * bpc;
+		else
+			buf += maySave >> 3;
+		sizeinunits -= maySave;
+		assert(!(maySave & 0x07) || !sizeinunits);
+	}
+
+	_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+}
+
+asn_enc_rval_t
+OCTET_STRING_encode_aper(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
+        asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void *sptr, asn_per_outp_t *po) {
+
+        asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+                ? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+                : &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+        asn_per_constraints_t *pc = constraints ? constraints
+                                : td->per_constraints;
+        asn_per_constraint_t *cval;
+        asn_per_constraint_t *csiz;
+        const BIT_STRING_t *st = (const BIT_STRING_t *)sptr;
+        asn_enc_rval_t er = { 0, 0, 0 };
+        int inext = 0;          /* Lies not within extension root */
+        unsigned int unit_bits;
+        unsigned int canonical_unit_bits;
+        unsigned int sizeinunits;
+        const uint8_t *buf;
+        int ret;
+        enum {
+                OS__BPC_BIT     = 0,
+                OS__BPC_CHAR    = 1,
+                OS__BPC_U16     = 2,
+                OS__BPC_U32     = 4
+        } bpc;  /* Bytes per character */
+        int ct_extensible;
+
+        if(!st || (!st->buf && st->size))
+                _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+        if(pc) {
+                cval = &pc->value;
+                csiz = &pc->size;
+        } else {
+                cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+                csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+        }
+        ct_extensible = csiz->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE;
+
+        switch(specs->subvariant) {
+        default:
+//         case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+//                 _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+        case ASN_OSUBV_BIT:
+                canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 1;
+                bpc = OS__BPC_BIT;
+                sizeinunits = st->size * 8 - (st->bits_unused & 0x07);
+                ASN_DEBUG("BIT STRING of %d bytes",
+                                sizeinunits);
+		break;
+        case ASN_OSUBV_ANY:
+	case ASN_OSUBV_STR:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 8;
+// 		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+// 			unit_bits = 8;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_CHAR;
+		sizeinunits = st->size;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U16:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 16;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U16;
+		sizeinunits = st->size / 2;
+		break;
+	case ASN_OSUBV_U32:
+		canonical_unit_bits = unit_bits = 32;
+		if(cval->flags & APC_CONSTRAINED)
+			unit_bits = cval->range_bits;
+		bpc = OS__BPC_U32;
+		sizeinunits = st->size / 4;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %s into %d units of %d bits"
+		" (%lld..%lld, effective %d)%s",
+		td->name, sizeinunits, unit_bits,
+		csiz->lower_bound, csiz->upper_bound,
+		csiz->effective_bits, ct_extensible ? " EXT" : "");
+
+	/* Figure out wheter size lies within PER visible constraint */
+
+	if(csiz->effective_bits >= 0) {
+		if((int)sizeinunits < csiz->lower_bound
+		|| (int)sizeinunits > csiz->upper_bound) {
+			if(ct_extensible) {
+				cval = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.value;
+				csiz = &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_constraints.size;
+				unit_bits = canonical_unit_bits;
+				inext = 1;
+			} else
+				_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		}
+	} else {
+		inext = 0;
+	}
+
+
+	if(ct_extensible) {
+		/* Declare whether length is [not] within extension root */
+		if(per_put_few_bits(po, inext, 1))
+			_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	/* X.691, #16.5: zero-length encoding */
+	/* X.691, #16.6: short fixed length encoding (up to 2 octets) */
+	/* X.691, #16.7: long fixed length encoding (up to 64K octets) */
+	if(csiz->effective_bits >= 0) {
+		ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %d bytes (%lld), length in %d bits",
+				st->size, sizeinunits - csiz->lower_bound,
+				csiz->effective_bits);
+		ret = per_put_few_bits(po, sizeinunits - csiz->lower_bound,
+				csiz->effective_bits);
+		if(ret) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		if (st->size > 2) { /* X.691 #16 NOTE 1 */
+			if (aper_put_align(po) < 0)
+				_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		}
+		if(bpc) {
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_put_characters(po, st->buf,
+				sizeinunits, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+		} else {
+			ret = per_put_many_bits(po, st->buf,
+				sizeinunits * unit_bits);
+		}
+		if(ret) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+	}
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %d bytes", st->size);
+
+	if(sizeinunits == 0) {
+		if(aper_put_length(po, -1, 0))
+			_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+		_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+	}
+
+	buf = st->buf;
+	while(sizeinunits) {
+		ssize_t maySave = aper_put_length(po, -1, sizeinunits);
+
+		if(maySave < 0) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+		ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %ld of %ld",
+			(long)maySave, (long)sizeinunits);
+
+		if(bpc) {
+			ret = OCTET_STRING_per_put_characters(po, buf,
+				maySave, bpc, unit_bits,
+				cval->lower_bound, cval->upper_bound, pc);
+		} else {
+			ret = per_put_many_bits(po, buf, maySave * unit_bits);
+		}
+		if(ret) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
+
+		if(bpc)
+			buf += maySave * bpc;
+		else
+			buf += maySave >> 3;
+		sizeinunits -= maySave;
+		assert(!(maySave & 0x07) || !sizeinunits);
+	}
+
+	_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
+}
+
+int
+OCTET_STRING_print(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, const void *sptr, int ilevel,
+	asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
+	const char * const h2c = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+	const OCTET_STRING_t *st = (const OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	char scratch[16 * 3 + 4];
+	char *p = scratch;
+	uint8_t *buf;
+	uint8_t *end;
+	size_t i;
+
+	(void)td;	/* Unused argument */
+
+	if(!st || (!st->buf && st->size))
+		return (cb("<absent>", 8, app_key) < 0) ? -1 : 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Dump the contents of the buffer in hexadecimal.
+	 */
+	buf = st->buf;
+	end = buf + st->size;
+	for(i = 0; buf < end; buf++, i++) {
+		if(!(i % 16) && (i || st->size > 16)) {
+			if(cb(scratch, p - scratch, app_key) < 0)
+				return -1;
+			_i_INDENT(1);
+			p = scratch;
+		}
+		*p++ = h2c[(*buf >> 4) & 0x0F];
+		*p++ = h2c[*buf & 0x0F];
+		*p++ = 0x20;
+	}
+
+	if(p > scratch) {
+		p--;	/* Remove the tail space */
+		if(cb(scratch, p - scratch, app_key) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+OCTET_STRING_print_utf8(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, const void *sptr,
+		int ilevel, asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
+	const OCTET_STRING_t *st = (const OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+
+	(void)td;	/* Unused argument */
+	(void)ilevel;	/* Unused argument */
+
+	if(st && (st->buf || !st->size)) {
+		return (cb(st->buf, st->size, app_key) < 0) ? -1 : 0;
+	} else {
+		return (cb("<absent>", 8, app_key) < 0) ? -1 : 0;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+OCTET_STRING_free(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr, int contents_only) {
+	OCTET_STRING_t *st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)sptr;
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+				? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+				: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	asn_struct_ctx_t *ctx = (asn_struct_ctx_t *)
+					((char *)st + specs->ctx_offset);
+	struct _stack *stck;
+
+	if(!td || !st)
+		return;
+
+	ASN_DEBUG("Freeing %s as OCTET STRING", td->name);
+
+	if(st->buf) {
+		FREEMEM(st->buf);
+		st->buf = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove decode-time stack.
+	 */
+	stck = (struct _stack *)ctx->ptr;
+	if(stck) {
+		while(stck->tail) {
+			struct _stack_el *sel = stck->tail;
+			stck->tail = sel->prev;
+			FREEMEM(sel);
+		}
+		FREEMEM(stck);
+	}
+
+	if(!contents_only) {
+		FREEMEM(st);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Conversion routines.
+ */
+int
+OCTET_STRING_fromBuf(OCTET_STRING_t *st, const char *str, int len) {
+	void *buf;
+
+	if(st == 0 || (str == 0 && len)) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear the OCTET STRING.
+	 */
+	if(str == NULL) {
+		FREEMEM(st->buf);
+		st->buf = 0;
+		st->size = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Determine the original string size, if not explicitly given */
+	if(len < 0)
+		len = strlen(str);
+
+	/* Allocate and fill the memory */
+	buf = MALLOC(len + 1);
+	if(buf == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	memcpy(buf, str, len);
+	((uint8_t *)buf)[len] = '\0';	/* Couldn't use memcpy(len+1)! */
+	FREEMEM(st->buf);
+	st->buf = (uint8_t *)buf;
+	st->size = len;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+OCTET_STRING_t *
+OCTET_STRING_new_fromBuf(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, const char *str, int len) {
+	asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *specs = td->specifics
+				? (asn_OCTET_STRING_specifics_t *)td->specifics
+				: &asn_DEF_OCTET_STRING_specs;
+	OCTET_STRING_t *st;
+
+	st = (OCTET_STRING_t *)CALLOC(1, specs->struct_size);
+	if(st && str && OCTET_STRING_fromBuf(st, str, len)) {
+		FREEMEM(st);
+		st = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return st;
+}
+