support for Ericsson RBS E1 CCU

Ericsson RBS series BTSs do not have a built in PCU. Rather than having
the PCU on board the PCU is co-located to the BSC in those cases. Just
like the MGW the PCU would connect to the CCU (Channel Coding Unit) via
E1 line. The PCU is connected via an unix domain socket (pcu_sock) to
the BSC to receive RACH requests and to control Paging and TBF assignment.

This patch adds all the required functionality to run an Ercisson RBS in
GPRS/EGPRS mode. It supports 16k I.460 E1 subslots and full 64k E1
timeslots (recommended)

Change-Id: I5c0a76667339ca984a12cbd2052f5d9e5b0f9c4d
Related: OS#5198
diff --git a/src/ericsson-rbs/er_ccu_l1_if.c b/src/ericsson-rbs/er_ccu_l1_if.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7dd102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ericsson-rbs/er_ccu_l1_if.c
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+/*
+ * (C) 2022 by sysmocom s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>
+ * All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ * Author: Philipp Maier
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <er_ccu_descr.h>
+#include <er_ccu_if.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/pcu/pcuif_proto.h>
+#include <osmocom/abis/e1_input.h>
+#include <osmocom/abis/abis.h>
+#include <osmocom/abis/e1_input.h>
+#include <osmocom/trau/trau_sync.h>
+#include <osmocom/trau/trau_pcu_ericsson.h>
+#include <osmocom/gsm/gsm0502.h>
+#include <osmocom/core/talloc.h>
+
+#include <bts.h>
+#include <pcu_l1_if.h>
+#include <pcu_l1_if_phy.h>
+
+extern void *tall_pcu_ctx;
+
+const uint8_t fn_inc_table[4] = { 4, 4, 5, 0 };
+const uint8_t blk_nr_table[4] = { 4, 4, 5, 0 };
+
+#define SYNC_CHECK_INTERVAL GSM_TDMA_SUPERFRAME * 8
+
+/* Subtrahend to convert Ericsson adjusted (block ending) fn to regular fn (uplink only) */
+#define AFN_SUBTRAHEND 3
+
+#define LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, level, tag, fmt, args...)	       \
+	LOGP(DL1IF, level, "%s: PDCH(trx=%u,ts=%u) E1-line(line=%u,ts=%u,ss=%u) " fmt, \
+	     tag, ccu_descr->pcu.trx_no, ccu_descr->pcu.ts, \
+	     ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_nr, ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_ts, \
+	     ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_ts_ss == E1_SUBSLOT_FULL ? 0 : ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_ts_ss, \
+	     ## args)
+
+/* Calculate GPRS block number from frame number */
+static uint8_t fn_to_block_nr(uint32_t fn)
+{
+	/* Note: See also 3GPP TS 03.64 6.5.7.2.1,
+	 * Mapping on the multiframe structure */
+
+	uint8_t rel_fn;
+	uint8_t super_block;
+	uint8_t local_block;
+
+	rel_fn = fn % 52;
+
+	/* Warn in case of frames that do not belong to a block */
+	if (rel_fn == 12 || rel_fn == 25 || rel_fn == 38 || rel_fn == 51)
+		LOGP(DL1IF, LOGL_ERROR, "Frame number is referencing invalid block!\n");
+
+	super_block = (rel_fn / 13);
+	local_block = rel_fn % 13 / 4;
+	return super_block * 3 + local_block;
+}
+
+static uint32_t fn_dl_advance(uint32_t fn, uint32_t n_blocks)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	uint8_t inc_fn;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n_blocks; i++) {
+		inc_fn = fn_inc_table[(fn % 13) / 4];
+		fn = GSM_TDMA_FN_SUM(fn, inc_fn);
+	}
+
+	return fn;
+}
+
+static bool mac_block_is_noise(struct er_gprs_trau_frame *trau_frame)
+{
+	switch (trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.cs_hdr) {
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS1:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS2:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS3:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS4:
+		if (!trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.gprs.parity_ok)
+			return true;
+		break;
+	case CS_OR_HDR_HDR1:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_HDR2:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_HDR3:
+		if (!trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.hdr_good)
+			return true;
+		if (!trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.data_good[0]
+		    && !trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.data_good[1])
+			return true;
+		break;
+	case CS_OR_HDR_AB:
+		/* We are not interested in receiving access bursts. */
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* No noise, this block is interesting for us. */
+	return false;
+}
+
+static void log_data_ind(struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr, struct er_gprs_trau_frame *trau_frame, uint32_t afn_ul_comp,
+			 uint32_t afn_dl_comp)
+{
+	switch (trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.cs_hdr) {
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS1:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS2:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS3:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_CS4:
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "CCU-DATA-IND",
+			 "tav=%u, dbe=%u, cs_hdr=%u, rx_lev=%u, est_acc_del_dev=%u,"
+			 "block_qual=%u, parity_ok=%u, data=%s<==, afn_ul_comp=%u/%u\n", trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.tav,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.dbe, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.cs_hdr,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.rx_lev, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.est_acc_del_dev,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.gprs.block_qual, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.gprs.parity_ok,
+			 osmo_hexdump_nospc(trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.data, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.data_len),
+			 afn_ul_comp, afn_ul_comp % 52);
+		break;
+	case CS_OR_HDR_HDR1:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_HDR2:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_HDR3:
+	case CS_OR_HDR_AB:
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "CCU-DATA-IND",
+			 "tav=%u, dbe=%u, cs_hdr=%u, rx_lev=%u, est_acc_del_dev=%u,"
+			 "mean_bep=%u, cv_bep=%u, hdr_good=%u, data_good[0]=%u, data_good[1]=%u, data=%s<==, afn_ul_comp=%u/%u\n",
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.tav, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.dbe,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.cs_hdr, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.rx_lev,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.est_acc_del_dev, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.mean_bep,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.cv_bep, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.hdr_good,
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.data_good[0],
+			 trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.u.egprs.data_good[1],
+			 osmo_hexdump_nospc(trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.data, trau_frame->u.ccu_data_ind.data_len),
+			 afn_ul_comp, afn_ul_comp % 52);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Receive block from CCU */
+static void er_ccu_rx_cb(struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr, const ubit_t *bits, unsigned int num_bits)
+{
+	int rc;
+	struct er_gprs_trau_frame trau_frame;
+	uint8_t inc_ul;
+	uint8_t inc_dl;
+	uint32_t afn_ul;
+	uint32_t afn_dl;
+	uint32_t afn_ul_comp;
+	uint32_t afn_dl_comp;
+	struct pcu_l1_meas meas = { 0 };
+	struct gprs_rlcmac_bts *bts;
+	struct gprs_rlcmac_pdch *pdch;
+
+	/* Compute the current frame numbers from the last frame number */
+	inc_ul = fn_inc_table[(ccu_descr->sync.last_afn_ul % 13) / 4];
+	inc_dl = fn_inc_table[(ccu_descr->sync.last_afn_dl % 13) / 4];
+	afn_ul = GSM_TDMA_FN_SUM(ccu_descr->sync.last_afn_ul, inc_ul);
+	afn_dl = GSM_TDMA_FN_SUM(ccu_descr->sync.last_afn_dl, inc_dl);
+
+	/* Compute compensated frame numbers. This will be the framenumbers we
+	 * will use to exchange blocks with the PCU code. The following applies:
+	 *
+	 * 1. The uplink related frame numbers sent by the ericsson CCU refer to the end of a block. This is
+	 *    compensated by subtracting three frames.
+	 * 2. The CCU downlink frame number runs one block past the uplink frame number. This needs to be
+	 *    compesated as well (+1).
+	 * 3. The difference between the local (PCU) and the returned (CCU) pseq counter value is the number of blocks
+	 *    that the PCU must
+	 *    shift its downlink alignment in order to compensate the link latency between PCU and CCU. */
+	afn_ul_comp = GSM_TDMA_FN_SUB(afn_ul, AFN_SUBTRAHEND);
+	afn_dl_comp = afn_dl;
+	afn_dl_comp = fn_dl_advance(afn_dl_comp, GSM_TDMA_FN_DIFF(ccu_descr->sync.pseq_pcu, ccu_descr->sync.pseq_ccu) + 1);
+
+	LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "CCU-SYNC",
+		 "afn_ul=%u/%u, afn_dl=%u/%u, afn_diff=%u => afn_ul_comp=%u/%u, afn_dl_comp=%u/%u, afn_diff_comp=%u\n",
+		 afn_ul, afn_ul % 52, afn_dl, afn_dl % 52, GSM_TDMA_FN_DIFF(afn_ul, afn_dl), afn_ul_comp,
+		 afn_ul_comp % 52, afn_dl_comp, afn_dl_comp % 52, GSM_TDMA_FN_DIFF(afn_ul_comp, afn_dl_comp));
+
+	LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "CCU-SYNC", "pseq_pcu=%u, pseq_ccu=%u, pseq_diff=%u\n",
+		 ccu_descr->sync.pseq_pcu, ccu_descr->sync.pseq_ccu, GSM_TDMA_FN_DIFF(ccu_descr->sync.pseq_pcu, ccu_descr->sync.pseq_ccu));
+
+	/* Decode indication from CCU */
+	if (ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_ts_ss == E1_SUBSLOT_FULL)
+		rc = er_gprs_trau_frame_decode_64k(&trau_frame, bits);
+	else
+		rc = er_gprs_trau_frame_decode_16k(&trau_frame, bits);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_ERROR, "CCU-XXXX-IND",
+			 "unable to decode uplink TRAU frame, afn_ul_comp=%u/%u\n", afn_ul_comp, afn_ul_comp % 52);
+
+		/* Report to the CCU that there is an issue with uplink TRAU frames, the CCU will then send
+		 * a CCU-SYNC-IND within the next TRAU frame, so we can check if we are still in sync and trigger
+		 * synchronization procedure if necessary. */
+		ccu_descr->sync.ul_frame_err = true;
+		goto skip;
+	}
+
+	switch (trau_frame.type) {
+	case ER_GPRS_TRAU_FT_SYNC:
+		if (trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.pseq != 0x3FFFFF) {
+			LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "CCU-SYNC-IND",
+				 "tav=%u, dbe=%u, dfe=%u, pseq=%u, afn_ul=%u, afn_dl=%u\n",
+				 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.tav, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.dbe,
+				 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.dfe, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.pseq,
+				 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl);
+
+			/* Synchronize the current CCU PSEQ state */
+			ccu_descr->sync.pseq_ccu = trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.pseq;
+		} else {
+			LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "CCU-SYNC-IND",
+				 "tav=%u, dbe=%u, dfe=%u, pseq=(none), afn_ul=%u, afn_dl=%u\n",
+				 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.tav, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.dbe,
+				 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.dfe, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul,
+				 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl);
+		}
+
+		ccu_descr->sync.tav = trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.tav;
+
+		/* Check if we are in sync with the CCU, if not trigger synchronization procedure */
+		if (afn_ul != trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul || afn_dl != trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl) {
+			if (afn_ul != trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul)
+				LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "CCU-SYNC-IND",
+					 "afn_ul=%u (computed) != afn_ul=%u (sync-ind) => delta=%u\n", afn_ul,
+					 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul,
+					 GSM_TDMA_FN_DIFF(afn_ul, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul));
+			if (afn_dl != trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl)
+				LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "CCU-SYNC-IND",
+					 "afn_dl=%u (computed) != afn_dl=%u (sync-ind) => delta=%u\n", afn_dl,
+					 trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl,
+					 GSM_TDMA_FN_DIFF(afn_dl, trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl));
+			LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "CCU-SYNC-IND",
+				 "FN jump detected, lost sync with CCU -- (re)synchronizing...\n");
+			ccu_descr->sync.ccu_synced = false;
+		} else {
+			LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "CCU-SYNC-IND", "in sync with CCU\n");
+			ccu_descr->sync.ccu_synced = true;
+		}
+
+		/* Overwrite calculated afn_ul and afn_dl with the actual values from the SYNC indication */
+		afn_ul = trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_ul;
+		afn_dl = trau_frame.u.ccu_sync_ind.afn_dl;
+
+		break;
+	case ER_GPRS_TRAU_FT_DATA:
+
+		ccu_descr->sync.tav = trau_frame.u.ccu_data_ind.tav;
+
+		/* Ignore all data indications that contain only noise */
+		if (mac_block_is_noise(&trau_frame))
+			break;
+
+		log_data_ind(ccu_descr, &trau_frame, afn_ul_comp, afn_dl_comp);
+
+		/* Hand received MAC block into PCU */
+		bts = gprs_pcu_get_bts_by_nr(the_pcu, ccu_descr->pcu.bts_nr);
+		if (!bts)
+			break;
+		meas.have_rssi = 1;
+		meas.rssi = rxlev2dbm(trau_frame.u.ccu_data_ind.rx_lev);
+		meas.have_link_qual = 1;
+		meas.link_qual = trau_frame.u.ccu_data_ind.u.gprs.block_qual;
+		pdch = &bts->trx[ccu_descr->pcu.trx_no].pdch[ccu_descr->pcu.ts];
+		rc = pcu_rx_data_ind_pdtch(bts, pdch, trau_frame.u.ccu_data_ind.data,
+					   trau_frame.u.ccu_data_ind.data_len, afn_ul_comp, &meas);
+		break;
+	default:
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_ERROR, "CCU-XXXX-IND", "unhandled CCU indication!\n");
+	}
+
+skip:
+	if (ccu_descr->sync.ccu_synced) {
+		bts = gprs_pcu_get_bts_by_nr(the_pcu, ccu_descr->pcu.bts_nr);
+		if (bts) {
+			/* The PCU timing is locked to the uplink fame number. The downlink frame number is advanced
+			 * into the future so that the line latency is compensated and the frame arrives at the right
+			 * point in time. */
+			pdch = &bts->trx[ccu_descr->pcu.trx_no].pdch[ccu_descr->pcu.ts];
+			pcu_rx_block_time(bts, pdch->trx->arfcn, afn_ul_comp, ccu_descr->pcu.ts);
+			rc = pcu_rx_rts_req_pdtch(bts, ccu_descr->pcu.trx_no, ccu_descr->pcu.ts, afn_dl_comp,
+						  fn_to_block_nr(afn_dl_comp));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* We do not receive sync indications in every cycle. When traffic is transferred we won't get frame numbers
+	 * from the CCU. In this case we must update the last_afn_ul/dl values from the computed frame numbers
+	 * (see above) */
+	ccu_descr->sync.last_afn_ul = afn_ul;
+	ccu_descr->sync.last_afn_dl = afn_dl;
+	ccu_descr->sync.pseq_pcu++;
+	ccu_descr->sync.pseq_ccu++;
+}
+
+static void er_ccu_empty_cb(struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr)
+{
+	struct er_gprs_trau_frame trau_frame;
+	ubit_t trau_frame_encoded[ER_GPRS_TRAU_FRAME_LEN_64K];
+	int rc;
+
+	memset(&trau_frame, 0, sizeof(trau_frame));
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.pseq = ccu_descr->sync.pseq_pcu;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.tav = ccu_descr->sync.tav;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.fn_ul = 0x3FFFFF;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.fn_dl = 0x3FFFFF;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.fn_ss = 0x3FFFFF;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.ls = 0x3FFFFF;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.ss = 0x3FFFFF;
+	trau_frame.type = ER_GPRS_TRAU_FT_SYNC;
+
+	if (ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_ts_ss == E1_SUBSLOT_FULL)
+		rc = er_gprs_trau_frame_encode_64k(trau_frame_encoded, &trau_frame);
+	else
+		rc = er_gprs_trau_frame_encode_16k(trau_frame_encoded, &trau_frame);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_ERROR, "PCU-SYNC-IND", "unable to encode TRAU frame\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "PCU-SYNC-IND", "pseq=%u, tav=%u\n",
+		 trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.pseq, trau_frame.u.pcu_sync_ind.tav);
+	er_ccu_if_tx(ccu_descr, trau_frame_encoded, rc);
+
+	/* Make sure timing adjustment value is reset after use */
+	ccu_descr->sync.tav = TIME_ADJ_NONE;
+}
+
+/* use the length of the block to determine the coding scheme */
+static int cs_hdr_from_len(uint8_t len)
+{
+	switch (len) {
+	case 23:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_CS1;
+	case 34:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_CS2;
+	case 40:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_CS3;
+	case 54:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_CS4;
+	case 27:
+	case 33:
+	case 42:
+	case 49:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_HDR3;
+	case 60:
+	case 78:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_HDR2;
+	case 118:
+	case 142:
+	case 154:
+		return CS_OR_HDR_HDR1;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+}
+
+/* send packet data request to L1 */
+int l1if_pdch_req(void *obj, uint8_t ts, int is_ptcch, uint32_t fn,
+		  uint16_t arfcn, uint8_t block_nr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t len)
+{
+	struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr = obj;
+	struct er_gprs_trau_frame trau_frame;
+	ubit_t trau_frame_encoded[ER_GPRS_TRAU_FRAME_LEN_64K];
+	struct gprs_rlcmac_bts *bts;
+	int rc;
+
+	/* Make sure that the CCU is synchronized and connected. */
+	if (!ccu_descr) {
+		LOGP(DL1IF, LOGL_ERROR, "PCU-DATA-IND: PDCH(ts=%u, arfcn=%u) no CCU context, tossing MAC block...\n",
+		     ts, arfcn);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (!ccu_descr->link.ccu_connected) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "PCU-DATA-IND", "CCU not connected, tossing MAC block...\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (!ccu_descr->sync.ccu_synced) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "PCU-DATA-IND", "CCU not synchronized, tossing MAC block...\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Hand received MAC block into PCU */
+	bts = gprs_pcu_get_bts_by_nr(the_pcu, ccu_descr->pcu.bts_nr);
+	if (!bts) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_NOTICE, "PCU-DATA-IND", "no BTS, tossing MAC block...\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	memset(&trau_frame, 0, sizeof(trau_frame));
+	trau_frame.type = ER_GPRS_TRAU_FT_DATA;
+
+	rc = cs_hdr_from_len(len);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_ERROR, "PCU-DATA-IND",
+			 "unable to encode TRAU frame, invalid CS or MCS value set\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.cs_hdr = (enum er_cs_or_hdr)rc;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.tav = ccu_descr->sync.tav;
+	trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.ul_frame_err = ccu_descr->sync.ul_frame_err;
+	if (bts->mcs_mask)
+		trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.ul_chan_mode = ER_UL_CHMOD_NB_UNKN;
+	else
+		trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.ul_chan_mode = ER_UL_CHMOD_NB_GMSK;
+	OSMO_ASSERT(len < sizeof(trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.data));
+	memcpy(trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.data, data, len);
+
+	/* Regulary ignore one MAC block in uplink. The CCU will then send one CCU-SYNC-IND instead. We use this
+	 * indication to check whether we are still in sync with the CCU. */
+	if (fn % SYNC_CHECK_INTERVAL == 0)
+		trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.ul_chan_mode = ER_UL_CHMOD_VOID;
+
+	if (ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars->e1_ts_ss == E1_SUBSLOT_FULL)
+		rc = er_gprs_trau_frame_encode_64k(trau_frame_encoded, &trau_frame);
+	else
+		rc = er_gprs_trau_frame_encode_16k(trau_frame_encoded, &trau_frame);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_ERROR, "PCU-DATA-IND", "unable to encode TRAU frame\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_DEBUG, "PCU-DATA-IND",
+		 "tav=%u, ul_frame_err=%u, cs_hdr=%u, ul_chan_mode=%u, atten_db=%u, timing_offset=%u,"
+		 " data=%s==>, fn=%u/%u (comp)\n", trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.tav,
+		 trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.ul_frame_err, trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.cs_hdr,
+		 trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.ul_chan_mode, trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.atten_db,
+		 trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.timing_offset, osmo_hexdump_nospc(trau_frame.u.pcu_data_ind.data, len), fn,
+		 fn % 52);
+	er_ccu_if_tx(ccu_descr, trau_frame_encoded, rc);
+
+	/* Make sure timing adjustment value is reset after use */
+	ccu_descr->sync.tav = TIME_ADJ_NONE;
+	ccu_descr->sync.ul_frame_err = false;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void *l1if_open_pdch(uint8_t bts_nr, uint8_t trx_no, uint32_t hlayer1, struct gsmtap_inst *gsmtap)
+{
+	struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr;
+
+	/* Note: We do not have enough information to really open anything at
+	 * this point. We will just create the CCU context. */
+
+	ccu_descr = talloc_zero(tall_pcu_ctx, struct er_ccu_descr);
+	OSMO_ASSERT(ccu_descr);
+	ccu_descr->er_ccu_rx_cb = er_ccu_rx_cb;
+	ccu_descr->er_ccu_empty_cb = er_ccu_empty_cb;
+	ccu_descr->pcu.trx_no = trx_no;
+	ccu_descr->pcu.bts_nr = bts_nr;
+
+	return ccu_descr;
+}
+
+int l1if_close_pdch(void *obj)
+{
+	struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr = obj;
+
+	if (!ccu_descr) {
+		LOGP(DL1IF, LOGL_ERROR, "PCU-DATA-IND: no CCU context, cannot close unknown PDCH...\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	er_ccu_if_close(ccu_descr);
+	talloc_free(ccu_descr);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int l1if_connect_pdch(void *obj, uint8_t ts)
+{
+	struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr = obj;
+	int rc;
+
+	if (!ccu_descr) {
+		LOGP(DL1IF, LOGL_ERROR, "SETUP: PDCH(ts=%u) no CCU context, PDCH never opened before?\n", ts);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	ccu_descr->pcu.ts = ts;
+
+	rc = pcu_l1if_get_e1_ccu_conn_pars(&ccu_descr->e1_conn_pars, ccu_descr->pcu.bts_nr, ccu_descr->pcu.trx_no,
+					   ccu_descr->pcu.ts);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		LOGPL1IF(ccu_descr, LOGL_ERROR, "SETUP", "cannot find E1 connection parameters for CCU\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	rc = er_ccu_if_open(ccu_descr);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int l1if_disconnect_pdch(void *obj, uint8_t ts)
+{
+	struct er_ccu_descr *ccu_descr = obj;
+
+	if (!ccu_descr) {
+		LOGP(DL1IF, LOGL_ERROR, "SETUP: PDCH(ts=%u) no CCU context, PDCH never opened before?\n", ts);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	er_ccu_if_close(ccu_descr);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int l1if_init(void)
+{
+	er_ccu_if_init(tall_pcu_ctx);
+	return 0;
+}