diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
index a02b5c2..f16f936 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
@@ -89,20 +89,17 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating in cascade, depth 3 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deallocated
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
 ===== test_ms_timeout_lu_auth_resp: SUCCESS
@@ -172,8 +169,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -185,6 +180,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -210,8 +206,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -223,10 +217,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -236,6 +229,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -246,15 +240,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -331,18 +323,15 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating in cascade, depth 3 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deallocated
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   cm_service_result_sent == 2
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
@@ -410,8 +399,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -423,10 +410,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -436,6 +422,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -446,15 +433,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -608,7 +593,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ms_timeout_paging: SUCCESS
@@ -679,8 +663,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -690,6 +672,7 @@
   BSC <--BSSAP-BSS-MANAGEMENT-- MSC: CLASSMARK REQ [L3]> 00 01 58 
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -732,16 +715,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
 ===== test_classmark_update_timeout: SUCCESS