enable osmo_fsm_term_safely(), apply logging changes Start using osmo_fsm_term_safely(true), the recently added feature of libosmocore's fsm.c. Deallocates in slightly changed order and with slightly modified logging. Adjust test expectations. Depends: I8eda67540a1cd444491beb7856b9fcd0a3143b18 (libosmocore) Change-Id: I195a719d9ec1f6764ee5a361244f59f0144dc253

commit: e4f7e71204d81c8c48e1a404fdf1c3520e4b8a72 [log] [tgz]
author: Neels Hofmeyr <neels@hofmeyr.de> Sun Mar 24 21:07:33 2019 +0100
committer: Neels Hofmeyr <neels@hofmeyr.de> Fri Apr 12 02:15:25 2019 +0200
tree: 155ecf5d758d14c60c79f4ee380769d3f583a9ab
parent: 7231edb7321a238851387479df0ee16d6c936de0 [diff]
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err
index 1a57097..7f38127 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err

@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -76,6 +74,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -102,8 +101,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -116,6 +113,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -152,7 +150,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -170,15 +167,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -233,8 +228,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -250,6 +243,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -266,14 +260,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -342,8 +334,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -359,6 +349,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -375,14 +366,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -412,7 +401,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_auth_use_twice_geran: SUCCESS
@@ -482,8 +470,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -491,6 +477,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -533,8 +520,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -547,6 +532,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -583,7 +569,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -601,15 +586,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -664,8 +647,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -673,6 +654,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -710,14 +692,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -786,8 +766,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -795,6 +773,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -832,14 +811,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -869,7 +846,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_auth_use_twice_utran: SUCCESS
@@ -939,8 +915,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -952,6 +926,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -978,8 +953,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -992,6 +965,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -1028,7 +1002,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1046,15 +1019,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1109,8 +1080,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -1126,6 +1095,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -1142,14 +1112,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1204,8 +1172,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -1221,6 +1187,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -1237,14 +1204,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1299,8 +1264,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -1316,6 +1279,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -1332,14 +1296,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1369,7 +1331,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_auth_use_infinitely_geran: SUCCESS
@@ -1439,8 +1400,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1448,6 +1407,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1490,8 +1450,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1504,6 +1462,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -1540,7 +1499,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1558,15 +1516,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1621,8 +1577,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1630,6 +1584,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1667,14 +1622,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1729,8 +1682,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1738,6 +1689,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1775,14 +1727,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1837,8 +1787,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1846,6 +1794,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1883,14 +1832,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1920,7 +1867,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_auth_use_infinitely_utran: SUCCESS
@@ -1990,8 +1936,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -2003,6 +1947,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2029,8 +1974,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2043,6 +1986,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -2079,7 +2023,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -2097,15 +2040,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -2174,8 +2115,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -2191,6 +2130,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -2207,14 +2147,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -2244,7 +2182,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_auth_reuse_geran: SUCCESS
@@ -2314,8 +2251,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2323,6 +2258,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2365,8 +2301,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2379,6 +2313,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -2415,7 +2350,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -2433,15 +2367,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -2510,8 +2442,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2519,6 +2449,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2556,14 +2487,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -2593,7 +2522,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_auth_reuse_utran: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err
index f190c31..3a2885a 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err

@@ -64,8 +64,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -73,6 +71,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -115,8 +114,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -129,6 +126,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -149,7 +147,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -168,15 +165,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
   vsub != NULL == 1
@@ -232,8 +227,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -241,6 +234,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -373,14 +367,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
 ===== test_call_mo: SUCCESS
@@ -451,8 +443,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -460,6 +450,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -502,8 +493,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -516,6 +505,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -536,7 +526,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -555,15 +544,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
   vsub != NULL == 1
@@ -628,8 +615,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -637,6 +622,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -759,14 +745,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
 ===== test_call_mt: SUCCESS
@@ -837,8 +821,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -846,6 +828,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -888,8 +871,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -902,6 +883,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -922,7 +904,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -941,15 +922,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
   vsub != NULL == 1
@@ -1014,8 +993,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1023,6 +1000,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1110,14 +1088,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Total time passed: 31.000069 s
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
@@ -1189,8 +1165,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1198,6 +1172,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1240,8 +1215,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1254,6 +1227,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -1274,7 +1248,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1293,15 +1266,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
   vsub != NULL == 1
@@ -1357,8 +1328,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1366,6 +1335,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1460,14 +1430,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
 ===== test_call_mo_to_unknown: SUCCESS
@@ -1538,8 +1506,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1547,6 +1513,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1589,8 +1556,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1603,6 +1568,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -1623,7 +1589,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1642,15 +1607,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
   vsub != NULL == 1
@@ -1706,8 +1669,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1715,6 +1676,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1806,14 +1768,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
 ===== test_call_mo_to_unknown_timeout: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err
index 6a67833..f54eccf 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err

@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -94,6 +92,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -119,8 +118,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -132,10 +129,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -145,6 +141,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -155,15 +152,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -222,8 +217,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -239,6 +232,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -256,14 +250,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -348,8 +340,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -376,6 +366,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 4
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: connection still has active transaction: SMS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x20: trans_sms)
   dtap_tx_confirmed == 1
   paging_stopped == 1
@@ -439,14 +430,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -475,7 +464,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_authen: SUCCESS
@@ -563,8 +551,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -576,6 +562,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -601,8 +588,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -615,6 +600,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -651,7 +637,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -670,15 +655,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the new TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -744,8 +727,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -761,6 +742,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -778,14 +760,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -870,8 +850,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -898,6 +876,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 4
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: connection still has active transaction: SMS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x20: trans_sms)
   dtap_tx_confirmed == 1
   paging_stopped == 1
@@ -961,14 +940,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber sends LU Request, this time with the TMSI
@@ -1018,8 +995,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -1031,6 +1006,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1056,8 +1032,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1070,6 +1044,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504, with TMSI 0x07060504
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -1105,7 +1080,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1124,15 +1098,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - subscriber has the new TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1168,7 +1140,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_authen_tmsi: SUCCESS
@@ -1256,8 +1227,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -1269,6 +1238,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1294,8 +1264,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1307,6 +1275,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1358,7 +1327,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1379,15 +1347,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1420,7 +1386,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_authen_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -1508,8 +1473,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -1521,6 +1484,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1546,8 +1510,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1559,6 +1521,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1609,7 +1572,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_FAILURE
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071, cause 6
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1636,16 +1598,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_authen_imei_nack: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1732,8 +1692,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -1745,6 +1703,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1770,8 +1729,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1783,6 +1740,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1834,7 +1792,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_FAILURE
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071, cause 6
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1861,16 +1818,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_authen_imei_err: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1957,8 +1912,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -1970,6 +1923,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1995,8 +1949,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2008,6 +1960,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -2094,7 +2047,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -2113,15 +2065,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI and TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -2155,7 +2105,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_authen_tmsi_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -2224,8 +2173,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -2237,6 +2184,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2262,8 +2210,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2275,10 +2221,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2288,6 +2233,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -2298,15 +2244,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -2365,8 +2309,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -2382,6 +2324,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -2399,14 +2342,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -2491,8 +2432,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -2519,6 +2458,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 4
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: connection still has active transaction: SMS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x20: trans_sms)
   dtap_tx_confirmed == 1
   paging_stopped == 1
@@ -2582,14 +2522,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -2618,7 +2556,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_milenage_authen: SUCCESS
@@ -2711,8 +2648,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000004026f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -2722,6 +2657,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
 - BSS sends BSSMAP Clear Complete
@@ -2729,16 +2665,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_wrong_sres_length: SUCCESS
 

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err
index ef77391..8de2ed5 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err

@@ -62,8 +62,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -72,6 +70,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 61855fb81fc2a800
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -123,8 +122,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -136,10 +133,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -149,6 +145,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -159,15 +156,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -226,8 +221,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -236,6 +229,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 07fa7502e07e1c00
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -284,14 +278,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -376,8 +368,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -386,6 +376,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: e2b234f807886400
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -491,14 +482,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -527,7 +516,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ciph: SUCCESS
@@ -596,8 +584,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -606,6 +592,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 61855fb81fc2a800
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -658,8 +645,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -672,6 +657,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -708,7 +694,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -727,15 +712,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the new TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -801,8 +784,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -811,6 +792,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 07fa7502e07e1c00
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -859,14 +841,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -951,8 +931,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -961,6 +939,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: e2b234f807886400
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1066,14 +1045,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches, using TMSI
@@ -1102,7 +1079,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ciph_tmsi: SUCCESS
@@ -1171,8 +1147,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1181,6 +1155,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 61855fb81fc2a800
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1232,8 +1207,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1245,6 +1218,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1296,7 +1270,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1317,15 +1290,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1358,7 +1329,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ciph_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -1427,8 +1397,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1437,6 +1405,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 61855fb81fc2a800
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1509,8 +1478,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1522,10 +1489,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1535,6 +1501,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1545,15 +1512,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -1582,7 +1547,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ciph_imeisv: SUCCESS
@@ -1651,8 +1615,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1661,6 +1623,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 61855fb81fc2a800
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1712,8 +1675,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1725,6 +1686,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1811,7 +1773,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1830,15 +1791,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI and TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1872,7 +1831,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ciph_tmsi_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -1942,8 +1900,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1952,6 +1908,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 7a75f0ac9b844400
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1991,8 +1948,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2004,10 +1959,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2017,6 +1971,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -2027,15 +1982,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with *UMTS AKA* Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -2095,8 +2048,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2105,6 +2056,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: da149b11d473f400
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2142,14 +2094,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -2235,8 +2185,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2245,6 +2193,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/1
 - ...key: 26ec67fad3073000
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2339,14 +2288,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -2375,7 +2322,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_gsm_ciph_in_umts_env: SUCCESS
@@ -2445,8 +2391,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2456,6 +2400,7 @@
   BSC <--BSSAP-BSS-MANAGEMENT-- MSC: CLASSMARK REQ [L3]> 00 01 58 
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2507,8 +2452,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2520,10 +2463,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2533,6 +2475,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -2543,15 +2486,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -2610,8 +2551,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2620,6 +2559,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/3
 - ...key: 07fa7502e07e1c00
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2668,14 +2608,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -2760,8 +2698,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2770,6 +2706,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/3
 - ...key: e2b234f807886400
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -2875,14 +2812,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -2911,7 +2846,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_a5_3_supported: SUCCESS
@@ -2981,8 +2915,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -2992,6 +2924,7 @@
   BSC <--BSSAP-BSS-MANAGEMENT-- MSC: CLASSMARK REQ [L3]> 00 01 58 
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -3043,8 +2976,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -3056,10 +2987,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -3069,6 +2999,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -3079,15 +3010,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -3146,8 +3075,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -3156,6 +3083,7 @@
 - ...perm algo: A5/3
 - ...key: 07fa7502e07e1c00
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -3204,14 +3132,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -3290,8 +3216,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -3301,6 +3225,7 @@
   BSC <--BSSAP-BSS-MANAGEMENT-- MSC: CLASSMARK REQ [L3]> 00 01 58 
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -3407,14 +3332,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -3443,7 +3366,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_cm_service_needs_classmark_update: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err
index 41da2f9..368438b 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620, cause 2
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -56,6 +54,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 3
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 2
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_ERROR: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   auth_request_sent == 0
@@ -66,16 +65,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_hlr_rej_auth_info_unknown_imsi: SUCCESS
 
@@ -126,8 +123,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620, cause 17
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -137,6 +132,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 3
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 2
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_ERROR: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   auth_request_sent == 0
@@ -147,16 +143,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_hlr_rej_auth_info_net_fail: SUCCESS
 
@@ -226,8 +220,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -239,6 +231,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -264,8 +257,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -277,10 +268,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -290,6 +280,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -300,15 +291,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - Now one auth tuple is available, but used.
@@ -375,8 +364,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -388,6 +375,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -413,8 +401,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -425,10 +411,9 @@
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -438,6 +423,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -448,15 +434,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_hlr_rej_auth_info_net_fail_reuse_tuples: SUCCESS
@@ -527,8 +511,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -540,6 +522,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -565,8 +548,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -578,10 +559,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -591,6 +571,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -601,15 +582,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - Now one auth tuple is available, but used.
@@ -659,8 +638,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071, cause 17
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -670,6 +647,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_ERROR: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   auth_request_sent == 0
@@ -680,15 +658,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_hlr_rej_auth_info_net_fail_no_reuse_tuples: SUCCESS
@@ -759,8 +735,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -772,6 +746,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -797,8 +772,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -810,10 +783,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -823,6 +795,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -833,15 +806,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - Now one auth tuple is available, but used.
@@ -892,8 +863,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071, cause 2
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -903,6 +872,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_ERROR: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   auth_request_sent == 0
@@ -913,15 +883,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_hlr_rej_auth_info_unkown_imsi_no_reuse_tuples: SUCCESS
@@ -972,8 +940,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620, cause 17
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -983,6 +949,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 3
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 2
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   auth_request_sent == 0
@@ -993,16 +960,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_hlr_acc_but_no_auth_tuples: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1056,8 +1021,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000004620, cause 2
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1067,6 +1030,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 3
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 2
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_ERROR: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
@@ -1076,16 +1040,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_hlr_rej_lu: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1138,8 +1100,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1151,10 +1111,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1164,6 +1123,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1174,15 +1134,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
 ===== test_hlr_no_insert_data: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err
index c8238ac..39db955 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err

@@ -69,20 +69,17 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Terminating in cascade, depth 3 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Deallocated
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
 ===== test_hlr_timeout_lu_auth_info: SUCCESS
@@ -178,20 +175,17 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: Terminating in cascade, depth 3 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: Deallocated
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
 ===== test_hlr_timeout_lu_upd_loc_result: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
index a02b5c2..f16f936 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err

@@ -89,20 +89,17 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating in cascade, depth 3 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deallocated
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
 ===== test_ms_timeout_lu_auth_resp: SUCCESS
@@ -172,8 +169,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -185,6 +180,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000004026f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -210,8 +206,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -223,10 +217,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -236,6 +229,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -246,15 +240,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request. VLR responds with Auth Req, 2nd auth vector
@@ -331,18 +323,15 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Terminating in cascade, depth 3 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deallocated
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   cm_service_result_sent == 2
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
@@ -410,8 +399,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -423,10 +410,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -436,6 +422,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -446,15 +433,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -608,7 +593,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_ms_timeout_paging: SUCCESS
@@ -679,8 +663,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -690,6 +672,7 @@
   BSC <--BSSAP-BSS-MANAGEMENT-- MSC: CLASSMARK REQ [L3]> 00 01 58 
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_WAIT_CLASSMARK_UPDATE}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -732,16 +715,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
   lu_result_sent == 2
 ===== test_classmark_update_timeout: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err
index 96d1ad7..9f1e7b6 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err

@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -84,10 +82,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -97,6 +94,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -107,15 +105,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request
@@ -168,14 +164,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -311,14 +305,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -347,7 +339,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen: SUCCESS
@@ -425,8 +416,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -439,6 +428,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -475,7 +465,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -494,15 +483,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the new TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -562,14 +549,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged using above TMSI
@@ -705,14 +690,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber sends LU Request, this time with the TMSI
@@ -783,8 +766,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -797,6 +778,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504, with TMSI 0x07060504
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -832,7 +814,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -851,15 +832,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - subscriber has the new TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504 usage increases to: 2
@@ -895,7 +874,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_tmsi: SUCCESS
@@ -973,8 +951,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -986,6 +962,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1027,7 +1004,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1048,15 +1024,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1089,7 +1063,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -1167,8 +1140,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1180,6 +1151,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1249,7 +1221,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1269,15 +1240,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI and TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1311,7 +1280,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_tmsi_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -1407,8 +1375,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1420,10 +1386,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1433,6 +1398,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -1443,15 +1409,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -1480,7 +1444,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_imeisv: SUCCESS
@@ -1576,8 +1539,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1589,6 +1550,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -1630,7 +1592,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1651,15 +1612,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 2
@@ -1692,7 +1651,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_imeisv_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -1788,8 +1746,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1802,6 +1758,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -1838,7 +1795,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1857,15 +1813,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber sends LU Request, this time with the TMSI
@@ -1954,8 +1908,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1968,6 +1920,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504, with TMSI 0x07060504
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:TMSInew-0x07060504 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - a LU Accept with a new TMSI was sent, waiting for TMSI Realloc Compl
@@ -2003,7 +1956,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -2022,15 +1974,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - subscriber has the new TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x07060504 usage increases to: 2
@@ -2066,7 +2016,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_imeisv_tmsi: SUCCESS
@@ -2162,8 +2111,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2175,6 +2122,7 @@
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 via GERAN-A
 - DTAP --GERAN-A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_ID_REQ: 051802
 - DTAP matches expected message
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - We will only do business when the IMEI is known
@@ -2244,7 +2192,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -2264,15 +2211,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 - Subscriber has the IMEISV, IMEI and TMSI
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x03020100 usage increases to: 2
@@ -2307,7 +2252,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_no_authen_imeisv_tmsi_imei: SUCCESS
@@ -2375,8 +2319,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -2388,10 +2330,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2401,6 +2342,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -2411,15 +2353,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err
index 2147e84..125d14f 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err

@@ -70,14 +70,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 1
 ---
 - The first connection can still complete its LU
@@ -102,8 +100,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -115,10 +111,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -128,6 +123,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -138,15 +134,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_reject_2nd_conn: SUCCESS
@@ -226,8 +220,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -239,10 +231,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -252,6 +243,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -262,15 +254,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_reject_lu_during_lu: SUCCESS
@@ -356,8 +346,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -369,10 +357,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -382,6 +369,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -392,15 +380,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_reject_cm_during_lu: SUCCESS
@@ -480,8 +466,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -493,10 +477,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -506,6 +489,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -516,15 +500,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_reject_paging_resp_during_lu: SUCCESS
@@ -593,8 +575,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -606,10 +586,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -619,6 +598,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -629,15 +609,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - Subscriber does a normal CM Service Request
@@ -709,15 +687,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_reject_lu_during_cm: SUCCESS
 
@@ -785,8 +761,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -798,10 +772,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -811,6 +784,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -821,15 +795,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - Subscriber does a normal CM Service Request
@@ -905,15 +877,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_reject_cm_during_cm: SUCCESS
 
@@ -981,8 +951,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -994,10 +962,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1007,6 +974,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1017,15 +985,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - Subscriber does a normal CM Service Request
@@ -1088,14 +1054,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_reject_paging_resp_during_cm: SUCCESS
@@ -1164,8 +1128,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1177,10 +1139,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1190,6 +1151,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1200,15 +1162,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -1344,14 +1304,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - SMS is done
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
@@ -1421,8 +1379,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1434,10 +1390,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1447,6 +1402,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1457,15 +1413,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -1623,15 +1577,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_accept_cm_during_paging_resp: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1699,8 +1651,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1712,10 +1662,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1725,6 +1674,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1735,15 +1685,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - an SMS is sent, MS is paged
@@ -1877,14 +1825,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - SMS is done
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err
index 6d98408..be96237 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err

@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@
 DRLL unknown: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr unknown usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr unknown
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_early_stage: SUCCESS
 
@@ -80,13 +79,11 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_cm_service_without_lu: SUCCESS
 
@@ -163,8 +160,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -176,10 +171,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -189,6 +183,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -199,15 +194,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - verify that the MS can send another LU request
@@ -278,8 +271,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -290,10 +281,9 @@
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -303,6 +293,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -313,15 +304,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - subscriber detaches
@@ -350,7 +339,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_two_lu: SUCCESS
@@ -454,8 +442,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -467,10 +453,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -480,6 +465,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -490,15 +476,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:TMSI-0x23422342
 ===== test_lu_unknown_tmsi: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ss.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ss.err
index a801f9e..94b6cd5 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ss.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ss.err

@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -72,10 +70,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -85,6 +82,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -100,15 +98,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, a new conn sends a CM Service Request
@@ -185,14 +181,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_ss_ussd_mo_geran: SUCCESS
@@ -258,8 +252,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -271,10 +263,9 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -284,6 +275,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage increases to: 4
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 3
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 2
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
@@ -299,15 +291,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
 - after a while, HLR initiates SS/USSD session
@@ -413,14 +403,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000004620:MSISDN-46071
 ===== test_ss_ussd_no_geran: SUCCESS

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err
index ee9eeba..3f0e916 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err

@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -76,6 +74,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -102,8 +101,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -116,6 +113,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -152,7 +150,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -170,15 +167,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -239,8 +234,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -256,6 +249,7 @@
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa: dtap,cm_service)
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: still awaiting first request after a CM Service Request
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x8: cm_service)
   cm_service_result_sent == 1
 - Concluding CM Service Request
@@ -272,14 +266,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -366,8 +358,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
@@ -394,6 +384,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 4
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: ran_conn_fsm_has_active_transactions: connection still has active transaction: SMS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x20: trans_sms)
   dtap_tx_confirmed == 1
   paging_stopped == 1
@@ -456,14 +447,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - SMS is done, conn is gone
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -493,7 +482,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_geran: SUCCESS
@@ -563,8 +551,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -572,6 +558,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=27497388b6cb044648f396aa155b95ef
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -614,8 +601,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -628,6 +613,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -664,7 +650,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -682,15 +667,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -751,8 +734,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -760,6 +741,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=1159ec926a50e98c034a6b7d7c9f418d
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -797,14 +779,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:CM_SERVICE_REQ){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - all requests serviced, conn has been released
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -891,8 +871,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -900,6 +878,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=eb50e770ddcc3060101d2f43b6c2b884
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -994,14 +973,12 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP))
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:PAGING_RESP){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - SMS is done, conn is gone
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ---
@@ -1031,7 +1008,6 @@
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DRLL Freeing RAN connection with NULL subscriber
-DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
 DMM RAN_conn{RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_utran: SUCCESS
@@ -1132,8 +1108,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_ciph()
@@ -1145,6 +1119,7 @@
 DVLR GSUP tx: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST: 04010809710000000156f0280102
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_INIT}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1171,8 +1146,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1185,6 +1158,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -1221,7 +1195,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:GERAN-A-0:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1239,15 +1212,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
@@ -1349,8 +1320,6 @@
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: vlr_loc_upd_post_auth()
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
@@ -1358,6 +1327,7 @@
 - sending SecurityModeControl for UE ctx 42 send_ck=0 new_key=1
 - ...ik=8a90c769b7272f3bb7a1c1fbb1ea9349
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_CIPH
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0: )
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results for Auth+Ciph, overruling event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -1400,8 +1370,6 @@
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_WAIT_FOR_DATA}: state_chg to UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_UPD_HLR_COMPL
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_INIT}: Allocated
@@ -1414,6 +1382,7 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Updated ID
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_SUB_PRES}: state_chg to LU_COMPL_VLR_S_WAIT_TMSI_CNF
 - sending LU Accept for IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100, with TMSI 0x03020100
+DVLR upd_hlr_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){UPD_HLR_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSInew-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
 <-- GSUP rx OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_RESULT: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns 0
   lu_result_sent == 1
@@ -1450,7 +1419,6 @@
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_LU_COMPL_SUCCESS
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
 DVLR lu_compl_vlr_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){LU_COMPL_VLR_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_LU_COMPL}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
@@ -1468,15 +1436,13 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
 - LU was successful, and the conn has already been closed
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650:MSISDN-42342:TMSI-0x03020100
@@ -1549,8 +1515,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000010650, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1560,6 +1524,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 1
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1568,16 +1533,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_too_short_res_geran: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1648,8 +1611,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000010650, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1659,6 +1620,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 1
 - Iu Release --UTRAN-Iu--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
   iu_release_sent == 1
@@ -1667,16 +1629,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_too_short_res_utran: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1747,8 +1707,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000010650, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1758,6 +1716,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 1
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1766,16 +1725,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_too_long_res_geran: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1846,8 +1803,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000010650, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1857,6 +1812,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 1
 - Iu Release --UTRAN-Iu--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
   iu_release_sent == 1
@@ -1865,16 +1821,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_too_long_res_utran: SUCCESS
 
@@ -1945,8 +1899,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000010650, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -1956,6 +1908,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 1
 - BSSAP Clear --GERAN-A--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
@@ -1964,16 +1917,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:GERAN-A-0:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_only_sres_geran: SUCCESS
 
@@ -2044,8 +1995,6 @@
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Freeing instance
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI-901700000010650, cause 3
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
@@ -2055,6 +2004,7 @@
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 1
 - Iu Release --UTRAN-Iu--> MS
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Deallocated
 DREF IMSI-901700000010650: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100: release)
   lu_result_sent == 2
   iu_release_sent == 1
@@ -2063,16 +2013,14 @@
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event RAN_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Terminating in cascade, depth 2 (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT, caused by: RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU))
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Removing from parent RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: fsm_lu_cleanup called with cause OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){VLR_ULA_S_DONE}: Deferring: will deallocate with RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU)
 DRLL IMSI-901700000010650: Freeing RAN connection
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr IMSI-901700000010650
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Freeing instance
-DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated
+DMM RAN_conn(IMSI-901700000010650:UTRAN-Iu-42:LU){RAN_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Deallocated, including all deferred deallocations
   llist_count(&net->ran_conns) == 0
 ===== test_umts_authen_only_sres_utran: SUCCESS
 

diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c
index 4a17789..ffe35f7 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c

@@ -1021,6 +1021,8 @@
 {
 	handle_options(argc, argv);
 
+	osmo_fsm_term_safely(true);
+
 	msc_vlr_tests_ctx = talloc_named_const(NULL, 0, "msc_vlr_tests_ctx");
 	msgb_ctx = msgb_talloc_ctx_init(msc_vlr_tests_ctx, 0);
 	osmo_init_logging2(msc_vlr_tests_ctx, &info);
commit	e4f7e71204d81c8c48e1a404fdf1c3520e4b8a72	[log] [tgz]
author	Neels Hofmeyr <neels@hofmeyr.de>	Sun Mar 24 21:07:33 2019 +0100
committer	Neels Hofmeyr <neels@hofmeyr.de>	Fri Apr 12 02:15:25 2019 +0200
tree	155ecf5d758d14c60c79f4ee380769d3f583a9ab
parent	7231edb7321a238851387479df0ee16d6c936de0 [diff]