diff --git a/include/osmocom/hlr/db.h b/include/osmocom/hlr/db.h
index 9309b8f..1f1bacb 100644
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/db.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/db.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <sqlite3.h>
 
 #include <osmocom/gsupclient/gsup_peer_id.h>
+#include <osmocom/gsm/gsup.h>
 
 struct hlr;
 
@@ -33,6 +34,9 @@
 	DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN_PS,
 	DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_IMSI,
 	DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_MSISDN,
+	DB_STMT_IND_ADD,
+	DB_STMT_IND_SELECT,
+	DB_STMT_IND_DEL,
 	_NUM_DB_STMT
 };
 
@@ -163,6 +167,9 @@
 int db_subscr_purge(struct db_context *dbc, const char *by_imsi,
 		    bool purge_val, bool is_ps);
 
+int db_ind(struct db_context *dbc, const struct osmo_gsup_peer_id *vlr, unsigned int *ind);
+int db_ind_del(struct db_context *dbc, const struct osmo_gsup_peer_id *vlr);
+
 /*! Call sqlite3_column_text() and copy result to a char[].
  * \param[out] buf  A char[] used as sizeof() arg(!) and osmo_strlcpy() target.
  * \param[in] stmt  An sqlite3_stmt*.
diff --git a/sql/hlr.sql b/sql/hlr.sql
index 98e586d..e855a6c 100644
--- a/sql/hlr.sql
+++ b/sql/hlr.sql
@@ -79,8 +79,16 @@
 	ind_bitlen	INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 5
 );
 
+CREATE TABLE ind (
+	-- 3G auth IND pool to be used for this VLR
+	ind     INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+	-- VLR identification, usually the GSUP source_name
+	vlr     TEXT NOT NULL,
+	UNIQUE (vlr)
+);
+
 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_subscr_imsi ON subscriber (imsi);
 
 -- Set HLR database schema version number
 -- Note: This constant is currently duplicated in src/db.c and must be kept in sync!
-PRAGMA user_version = 5;
+PRAGMA user_version = 6;
diff --git a/src/db.c b/src/db.c
index 5ec20e2..bc599bd 100644
--- a/src/db.c
+++ b/src/db.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include "db_bootstrap.h"
 
 /* This constant is currently duplicated in sql/hlr.sql and must be kept in sync! */
-#define CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION	5
+#define CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION	6
 
 #define SEL_COLUMNS \
 	"id," \
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@
 	[DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN_PS] = "UPDATE subscriber SET last_lu_seen_ps = datetime($val, 'unixepoch') WHERE id = $subscriber_id",
 	[DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_IMSI] = "SELECT 1 FROM subscriber WHERE imsi = $imsi",
 	[DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_MSISDN] = "SELECT 1 FROM subscriber WHERE msisdn = $msisdn",
+	[DB_STMT_IND_ADD] = "INSERT INTO ind (vlr) VALUES ($vlr)",
+	[DB_STMT_IND_SELECT] = "SELECT ind FROM ind WHERE vlr = $vlr",
+	[DB_STMT_IND_DEL] = "DELETE FROM ind WHERE vlr = $vlr",
 };
 
 static void sql3_error_log_cb(void *arg, int err_code, const char *msg)
@@ -479,6 +482,29 @@
 	return rc;
 }
 
+static int db_upgrade_v6(struct db_context *dbc)
+{
+	int rc;
+	const char *statements[] = {
+		"CREATE TABLE ind (\n"
+		"	-- 3G auth IND pool to be used for this VLR\n"
+		"	ind     INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n"
+		"	-- VLR identification, usually the GSUP source_name\n"
+		"	vlr     TEXT NOT NULL,\n"
+		"	UNIQUE (vlr)\n"
+		")"
+		,
+		"PRAGMA user_version = 6",
+	};
+
+	rc = db_run_statements(dbc, statements, ARRAY_SIZE(statements));
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 6\n");
+		return rc;
+	}
+	return rc;
+}
+
 typedef int (*db_upgrade_func_t)(struct db_context *dbc);
 static db_upgrade_func_t db_upgrade_path[] = {
 	db_upgrade_v1,
@@ -486,6 +512,7 @@
 	db_upgrade_v3,
 	db_upgrade_v4,
 	db_upgrade_v5,
+	db_upgrade_v6,
 };
 
 static int db_get_user_version(struct db_context *dbc)
diff --git a/src/db_hlr.c b/src/db_hlr.c
index 030a6a7..b13763a 100644
--- a/src/db_hlr.c
+++ b/src/db_hlr.c
@@ -884,3 +884,106 @@
 
 	return ret;
 }
+
+static int _db_ind_run(struct db_context *dbc, sqlite3_stmt *stmt, const char *vlr, bool reset)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	if (!db_bind_text(stmt, "$vlr", vlr))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	/* execute the statement */
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	if (reset)
+		db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int _db_ind_add(struct db_context *dbc, const char *vlr)
+{
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = dbc->stmt[DB_STMT_IND_ADD];
+	if (_db_ind_run(dbc, stmt, vlr, true) != SQLITE_DONE) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot create IND entry for %s\n", osmo_quote_str_c(OTC_SELECT, vlr, -1));
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int _db_ind_del(struct db_context *dbc, const char *vlr)
+{
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = dbc->stmt[DB_STMT_IND_DEL];
+	_db_ind_run(dbc, stmt, vlr, true);
+	/* We don't really care about the result. If it didn't exist, then that was the goal anyway. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int _db_ind_get(struct db_context *dbc, const char *vlr, unsigned int *ind)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = dbc->stmt[DB_STMT_IND_SELECT];
+	int rc = _db_ind_run(dbc, stmt, vlr, false);
+	if (rc == SQLITE_DONE) {
+		/* Does not exist yet */
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	} else if (rc != SQLITE_ROW) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Error executing SQL: %d\n", rc);
+		ret = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	OSMO_ASSERT(ind);
+	*ind = sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 0);
+out:
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int _db_ind(struct db_context *dbc, const struct osmo_gsup_peer_id *vlr,
+	    unsigned int *ind, bool del)
+{
+	const char *vlr_name = NULL;
+	int rc;
+
+	switch (vlr->type) {
+	case OSMO_GSUP_PEER_ID_IPA_NAME:
+		if (vlr->ipa_name.len < 2 || vlr->ipa_name.val[vlr->ipa_name.len - 1] != '\0') {
+			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Expecting VLR ipa_name to be zero terminated; found %s\n",
+			     osmo_ipa_name_to_str(&vlr->ipa_name));
+			return -ENOTSUP;
+		}
+		vlr_name = (const char*)vlr->ipa_name.val;
+		break;
+	default:
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unsupported osmo_gsup_peer_id type: %s\n",
+		     osmo_gsup_peer_id_type_name(vlr->type));
+		return -ENOTSUP;
+	}
+
+	if (del)
+		return _db_ind_del(dbc, vlr_name);
+
+	rc = _db_ind_get(dbc, vlr_name, ind);
+	if (!rc)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Does not exist yet, create. */
+	rc = _db_ind_add(dbc, vlr_name);
+	if (rc) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Error creating IND entry for %s\n", osmo_quote_str_c(OTC_SELECT, vlr_name, -1));
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	/* To be sure, query again from scratch. */
+	return _db_ind_get(dbc, vlr_name, ind);
+}
+
+int db_ind(struct db_context *dbc, const struct osmo_gsup_peer_id *vlr, unsigned int *ind)
+{
+	return _db_ind(dbc, vlr, ind, false);
+}
+
+int db_ind_del(struct db_context *dbc, const struct osmo_gsup_peer_id *vlr)
+{
+	return _db_ind(dbc, vlr, NULL, true);
+}
diff --git a/src/hlr.c b/src/hlr.c
index fee0920..c733abb 100644
--- a/src/hlr.c
+++ b/src/hlr.c
@@ -280,13 +280,14 @@
  ***********************************************************************/
 
 /* process an incoming SAI request */
-static int rx_send_auth_info(unsigned int auc_3g_ind, struct osmo_gsup_req *req)
+static int rx_send_auth_info(struct osmo_gsup_req *req)
 {
 	struct osmo_gsup_message gsup_out = {
 		.message_type = OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_RESULT,
 	};
 	bool separation_bit = false;
 	int num_auth_vectors = OSMO_GSUP_MAX_NUM_AUTH_INFO;
+	unsigned int auc_3g_ind;
 	int rc;
 
 	subscr_create_on_demand(req->gsup.imsi);
@@ -297,6 +298,14 @@
 	if (req->gsup.num_auth_vectors > 0 &&
 			req->gsup.num_auth_vectors <= OSMO_GSUP_MAX_NUM_AUTH_INFO)
 		num_auth_vectors = req->gsup.num_auth_vectors;
+	rc = db_ind(g_hlr->dbc, &req->source_name, &auc_3g_ind);
+	if (rc) {
+		LOG_GSUP_REQ(req, LOGL_ERROR,
+			     "Unable to determine 3G auth IND for source %s (rc=%d),"
+			     " generating tuples with IND = 0\n",
+			     osmo_gsup_peer_id_to_str(&req->source_name), rc);
+		auc_3g_ind = 0;
+	}
 
 	rc = db_get_auc(g_hlr->dbc, req->gsup.imsi, auc_3g_ind,
 			gsup_out.auth_vectors,
@@ -516,7 +525,7 @@
 	switch (req->gsup.message_type) {
 	/* requests sent to us */
 	case OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_SEND_AUTH_INFO_REQUEST:
-		rx_send_auth_info(conn->auc_3g_ind, req);
+		rx_send_auth_info(req);
 		break;
 	case OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_UPDATE_LOCATION_REQUEST:
 		rx_upd_loc_req(conn, req);
diff --git a/tests/db/db_test.c b/tests/db/db_test.c
index 4a0f3e8..bbc728e 100644
--- a/tests/db/db_test.c
+++ b/tests/db/db_test.c
@@ -918,6 +918,50 @@
 	comment_end();
 }
 
+static void test_ind()
+{
+	comment_start();
+
+#define ASSERT_IND(VLR, IND) do { \
+		unsigned int ind; \
+		struct osmo_gsup_peer_id vlr; \
+		OSMO_ASSERT(!osmo_gsup_peer_id_set_str(&vlr, OSMO_GSUP_PEER_ID_IPA_NAME, VLR)); \
+		ASSERT_RC(db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind), 0); \
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s ind = %u\n\n", osmo_quote_str((char*)vlr.ipa_name.val, vlr.ipa_name.len), ind); \
+		if (ind != (IND)) \
+			fprintf(stderr, "  ERROR: expected " #IND "\n"); \
+	} while (0)
+#define IND_DEL(VLR) do { \
+		struct osmo_gsup_peer_id vlr; \
+		OSMO_ASSERT(!osmo_gsup_peer_id_set_str(&vlr, OSMO_GSUP_PEER_ID_IPA_NAME, VLR)); \
+		ASSERT_RC(db_ind_del(dbc, &vlr), 0); \
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s ind deleted\n\n", osmo_quote_str((char*)vlr.ipa_name.val, vlr.ipa_name.len)); \
+	} while (0)
+
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-23", 1);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-11", 2);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-42", 3);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-22", 4);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-0x17", 5);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-0xaa", 6);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-42", 3);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-22", 4);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-0x17", 5);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-0xaa", 6);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-0xbb", 7);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-0x2a", 8);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-42", 3);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-22", 4);
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-23", 1);
+	ASSERT_IND("sgsn-11", 2);
+
+	IND_DEL("msc-0x17"); /* dropped IND == 5 */
+	ASSERT_IND("msc-0x2a", 8); /* known CS remains where it is */
+	ASSERT_IND("any-unknown", 9); /* new VLR takes a new IND from the end */
+
+	comment_end();
+}
+
 static struct {
 	bool verbose;
 } cmdline_opts = {
@@ -998,6 +1042,7 @@
 	test_subscr_aud();
 	test_subscr_aud_invalid_len();
 	test_subscr_sqn();
+	test_ind();
 
 	printf("Done\n");
 	db_close(dbc);
diff --git a/tests/db/db_test.err b/tests/db/db_test.err
index 871e722..ddf6d00 100644
--- a/tests/db/db_test.err
+++ b/tests/db/db_test.err
@@ -1613,3 +1613,83 @@
 
 ===== test_subscr_sqn: SUCCESS
 
+
+===== test_ind
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-23\0" ind = 1
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-11\0" ind = 2
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-42\0" ind = 3
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-22\0" ind = 4
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-0x17\0" ind = 5
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-0xaa\0" ind = 6
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-42\0" ind = 3
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-22\0" ind = 4
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-0x17\0" ind = 5
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-0xaa\0" ind = 6
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-0xbb\0" ind = 7
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-0x2a\0" ind = 8
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-42\0" ind = 3
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-22\0" ind = 4
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-23\0" ind = 1
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"sgsn-11\0" ind = 2
+
+db_ind_del(dbc, &vlr) --> 0
+
+"msc-0x17\0" ind deleted
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"msc-0x2a\0" ind = 8
+
+db_ind(dbc, &vlr, &ind) --> 0
+
+"any-unknown\0" ind = 9
+
+===== test_ind: SUCCESS
+
diff --git a/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok b/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok
index 2bc6a39..0a45f7c 100644
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
 DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 3
 DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 4
 DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 5
+DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 6
 DMAIN Cmdline option --db-check: Database was opened successfully, quitting.
 
 Resulting db:
@@ -117,6 +118,13 @@
 5|5|44444444444444444444444444444444|44444444444444444444444444444444||0|5
 5|5|55555555555555555555555555555555||55555555555555555555555555555555|0|6
 
+Table: ind
+name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
+ind|INTEGER|0||1
+vlr|TEXT|1||0
+
+Table ind contents:
+
 Table: subscriber
 name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
 ggsn_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
@@ -171,5 +179,5 @@
 rc = 0
 DMAIN hlr starting
 DDB using database: <PATH>test.db
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has HLR DB schema version 5
+DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has HLR DB schema version 6
 DMAIN Cmdline option --db-check: Database was opened successfully, quitting.