/*
 * OsmoGGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node
 * Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004 Mondru AB.
 * Copyright (C) 2017 by Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
 *
 * The contents of this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License Version 2, provided that the above copyright
 * notice and this permission notice is included in all copies or
 * substantial portions of the software.
 *
 */

/* ggsn.c
 *
 */

#ifdef __linux__
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1		/* strdup() prototype, broken arpa/inet.h */
#endif

#include "../config.h"

#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h>
#endif

#include <getopt.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip6.h>

#include <osmocom/core/application.h>
#include <osmocom/core/select.h>
#include <osmocom/core/stats.h>
#include <osmocom/core/rate_ctr.h>
#include <osmocom/core/timer.h>
#include <osmocom/ctrl/control_if.h>
#include <osmocom/ctrl/control_cmd.h>
#include <osmocom/ctrl/control_vty.h>
#include <osmocom/ctrl/ports.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/telnet_interface.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/logging.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/stats.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/ports.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/command.h>
#include <osmocom/vty/misc.h>
#include <osmocom/gsm/apn.h>

#include "../lib/tun.h"
#include "../lib/ippool.h"
#include "../lib/syserr.h"
#include "../lib/in46_addr.h"
#include "../lib/gtp-kernel.h"
#include "../gtp/pdp.h"
#include "../gtp/gtp.h"
#include "icmpv6.h"
#include "ggsn.h"

void *tall_ggsn_ctx;

static int end = 0;
static int daemonize = 0;
static struct ctrl_handle *g_ctrlh;

struct ul255_t qos;
struct ul255_t apn;

#define LOGPAPN(level, apn, fmt, args...)			\
	LOGP(DGGSN, level, "APN(%s): " fmt, (apn)->cfg.name, ## args)

#define LOGPGGSN(level, ggsn, fmt, args...)			\
	LOGP(DGGSN, level, "GGSN(%s): " fmt, (ggsn)->cfg.name, ## args)

#define LOGPPDP(level, pdp, fmt, args...) LOGPDPX(DGGSN, level, pdp, fmt, ## args)

static int ggsn_tun_fd_cb(struct osmo_fd *fd, unsigned int what);
static int cb_tun_ind(struct tun_t *tun, void *pack, unsigned len);


static void pool_close_all_pdp(struct ippool_t *pool)
{
	unsigned int i;

	if (!pool)
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < pool->listsize; i++) {
		struct ippoolm_t *member = &pool->member[i];
		struct pdp_t *pdp;

		if (!member->inuse)
			continue;
		pdp = member->peer;
		if (!pdp)
			continue;
		LOGPPDP(LOGL_DEBUG, pdp, "Sending DELETE PDP CTX due to shutdown\n");
		gtp_delete_context_req2(pdp->gsn, pdp, NULL, 1);
		/* We have nothing more to do with pdp ctx, free it. Upon cb_delete_context
		   called during this call we'll clean up ggsn related stuff attached to this
		   pdp context. After this call, ippool member is cleared so
		   data is no longer valid and should not be accessed anymore. */
		gtp_freepdp_teardown(pdp->gsn, pdp);
	}
}

int apn_stop(struct apn_ctx *apn)
{
	LOGPAPN(LOGL_NOTICE, apn, "Stopping\n");
	/* check if pools have any active PDP contexts and bail out */
	pool_close_all_pdp(apn->v4.pool);
	pool_close_all_pdp(apn->v6.pool);

	/* shutdown whatever old state might be left */
	if (apn->tun.tun) {
		/* run ip-down script */
		if (apn->tun.cfg.ipdown_script) {
			LOGPAPN( LOGL_INFO, apn, "Running %s\n", apn->tun.cfg.ipdown_script);
			tun_runscript(apn->tun.tun, apn->tun.cfg.ipdown_script);
		}
		if (apn->cfg.gtpu_mode == APN_GTPU_MODE_TUN) {
			/* release tun device */
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Closing TUN device %s\n", apn->tun.tun->devname);
			osmo_fd_unregister(&apn->tun.fd);
		}
		tun_free(apn->tun.tun);
		apn->tun.tun = NULL;
	}

	if (apn->v4.pool) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Releasing IPv4 pool\n");
		ippool_free(apn->v4.pool);
		apn->v4.pool = NULL;
	}
	if (apn->v6.pool) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Releasing IPv6 pool\n");
		ippool_free(apn->v6.pool);
		apn->v6.pool = NULL;
	}

	apn->started = false;
	return 0;
}


static int alloc_ippool_blacklist(struct apn_ctx *apn, struct in46_prefix **blacklist, bool ipv6)
{

	int flags, len, len2, i;

	*blacklist = NULL;

	if (ipv6)
		flags = IP_TYPE_IPv6_NONLINK;
	else
		flags = IP_TYPE_IPv4;

	while (1) {
		len = netdev_ip_local_get(apn->tun.cfg.dev_name, NULL, 0, flags);
		if (len < 1)
			return len;

		*blacklist = talloc_zero_size(apn, len * sizeof(struct in46_prefix));
		len2 = netdev_ip_local_get(apn->tun.cfg.dev_name, *blacklist, len, flags);
		if (len2 < 1) {
			talloc_free(*blacklist);
			*blacklist = NULL;
			return len2;
		}

		if (len2 > len) { /* iface was added between 2 calls, repeat operation */
			talloc_free(*blacklist);
			*blacklist = NULL;
		} else
			break;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < len2; i++)
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Blacklist tun IP %s\n",
			in46p_ntoa(&(*blacklist)[i]));

	return len2;
}

/* actually start the APN with its current config */
int apn_start(struct apn_ctx *apn)
{
	int ippool_flags = IPPOOL_NONETWORK | IPPOOL_NOBROADCAST;
	struct in46_prefix ipv6_tun_linklocal_ip;
	struct in46_prefix *blacklist;
	int blacklist_size;
	struct gsn_t *gsn = apn->ggsn->gsn;
	int rc;

	if (apn->started)
		return 0;

	LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Starting\n");
	switch (apn->cfg.gtpu_mode) {
	case APN_GTPU_MODE_TUN:
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Opening TUN device %s\n", apn->tun.cfg.dev_name);
		if (tun_new(&apn->tun.tun, apn->tun.cfg.dev_name, false, -1, -1)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to configure tun device\n");
			return -1;
		}
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Opened TUN device %s\n", apn->tun.tun->devname);

		/* Register with libosmcoore */
		osmo_fd_setup(&apn->tun.fd, apn->tun.tun->fd, BSC_FD_READ, ggsn_tun_fd_cb, apn, 0);
		osmo_fd_register(&apn->tun.fd);

		/* Set TUN library callback */
		tun_set_cb_ind(apn->tun.tun, cb_tun_ind);
		break;
	case APN_GTPU_MODE_KERNEL_GTP:
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Opening Kernel GTP device %s\n", apn->tun.cfg.dev_name);
		if (apn->cfg.apn_type_mask & (APN_TYPE_IPv6|APN_TYPE_IPv4v6)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Kernel GTP currently supports only IPv4\n");
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
		if (gsn == NULL) {
			/* skip bringing up the APN now if the GSN is not initialized yet.
			 * This happens during initial load of the config file, as the
			 * "no shutdown" in the ggsn node only happens after the "apn" nodes
			 * are brought up */
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_NOTICE, apn, "Skipping APN start\n");
			return 0;
		}
		/* use GTP kernel module for data packet encapsulation */
		if (tun_new(&apn->tun.tun, apn->tun.cfg.dev_name, true, gsn->fd0, gsn->fd1u)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to configure Kernel GTP device\n");
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	default:
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Unknown GTPU Mode %d\n", apn->cfg.gtpu_mode);
		return -1;
	}

	/* common initialization below */

	/* set back-pointer from TUN device to APN */
	apn->tun.tun->priv = apn;

	if (apn->v4.cfg.ifconfig_prefix.addr.len) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Setting tun IP address %s\n",
			in46p_ntoa(&apn->v4.cfg.ifconfig_prefix));
		if (tun_addaddr(apn->tun.tun, &apn->v4.cfg.ifconfig_prefix.addr, NULL,
				apn->v4.cfg.ifconfig_prefix.prefixlen)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to set tun IPv4 address %s: %s\n",
				in46p_ntoa(&apn->v4.cfg.ifconfig_prefix), strerror(errno));
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	if (apn->v6.cfg.ifconfig_prefix.addr.len) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Setting tun IPv6 address %s\n",
			in46p_ntoa(&apn->v6.cfg.ifconfig_prefix));
		if (tun_addaddr(apn->tun.tun, &apn->v6.cfg.ifconfig_prefix.addr, NULL,
				apn->v6.cfg.ifconfig_prefix.prefixlen)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to set tun IPv6 address %s: %s. "
				"Ensure you have ipv6 support and not used the disable_ipv6 sysctl?\n",
				in46p_ntoa(&apn->v6.cfg.ifconfig_prefix), strerror(errno));
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	if (apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix.addr.len) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Setting tun IPv6 link-local address %s\n",
			in46p_ntoa(&apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix));
		if (tun_addaddr(apn->tun.tun, &apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix.addr, NULL,
				apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix.prefixlen)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to set tun IPv6 link-local address %s: %s. "
				"Ensure you have ipv6 support and not used the disable_ipv6 sysctl?\n",
				in46p_ntoa(&apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix), strerror(errno));
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
		apn->v6_lladdr = apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix.addr.v6;
	}

	if (apn->tun.cfg.ipup_script) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Running ip-up script %s\n",
			apn->tun.cfg.ipup_script);
		tun_runscript(apn->tun.tun, apn->tun.cfg.ipup_script);
	}

	if (apn->cfg.apn_type_mask & (APN_TYPE_IPv6|APN_TYPE_IPv4v6) &&
	    apn->v6.cfg.ll_prefix.addr.len == 0) {
		rc = tun_ip_local_get(apn->tun.tun, &ipv6_tun_linklocal_ip, 1, IP_TYPE_IPv6_LINK);
		if (rc < 1) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Cannot obtain IPv6 link-local address of interface: %s\n",
				rc ? strerror(errno) : "tun interface has no link-local IP assigned");
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
		apn->v6_lladdr = ipv6_tun_linklocal_ip.addr.v6;
	}

	/* Create IPv4 pool */
	if (apn->v4.cfg.dynamic_prefix.addr.len) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Creating IPv4 pool %s\n",
			in46p_ntoa(&apn->v4.cfg.dynamic_prefix));
		if ((blacklist_size = alloc_ippool_blacklist(apn, &blacklist, false)) < 0)
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed obtaining IPv4 tun IPs\n");
		if (ippool_new(&apn->v4.pool, &apn->v4.cfg.dynamic_prefix,
				&apn->v4.cfg.static_prefix, ippool_flags,
				blacklist, blacklist_size)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to create IPv4 pool\n");
			talloc_free(blacklist);
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
		talloc_free(blacklist);
	}

	/* Create IPv6 pool */
	if (apn->v6.cfg.dynamic_prefix.addr.len) {
		LOGPAPN(LOGL_INFO, apn, "Creating IPv6 pool %s\n",
			in46p_ntoa(&apn->v6.cfg.dynamic_prefix));
		if ((blacklist_size = alloc_ippool_blacklist(apn, &blacklist, true)) < 0)
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed obtaining IPv6 tun IPs\n");
		if (ippool_new(&apn->v6.pool, &apn->v6.cfg.dynamic_prefix,
				&apn->v6.cfg.static_prefix, ippool_flags,
				blacklist, blacklist_size)) {
			LOGPAPN(LOGL_ERROR, apn, "Failed to create IPv6 pool\n");
			talloc_free(blacklist);
			apn_stop(apn);
			return -1;
		}
		talloc_free(blacklist);
	}

	LOGPAPN(LOGL_NOTICE, apn, "Successfully started\n");
	apn->started = true;
	return 0;
}

static bool send_trap(const struct gsn_t *gsn, const struct pdp_t *pdp, const struct ippoolm_t *member, const char *var)
{
	char addrbuf[256];
	char val[NAMESIZE];

	const char *addrstr = in46a_ntop(&member->addr, addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));

	snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%s,%s", imsi_gtp2str(&pdp->imsi), addrstr);

	if (ctrl_cmd_send_trap(g_ctrlh, var, val) < 0) {
		LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Failed to create and send TRAP %s\n", var);
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static int delete_context(struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	struct gsn_t *gsn = pdp->gsn;
	struct apn_ctx *apn = pdp->priv;
	struct ippoolm_t *member;
	int i;

	LOGPPDP(LOGL_INFO, pdp, "Deleting PDP context\n");

	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		if (pdp->peer[i]) {
			member = pdp->peer[i];
			send_trap(gsn, pdp, member, "imsi-rem-ip"); /* TRAP with IP removal */
			ippool_freeip(member->pool, member);
		} else if(i == 0)
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Cannot find/free IP Pool member\n");
	}

	if (apn->cfg.gtpu_mode == APN_GTPU_MODE_KERNEL_GTP) {
		if (gtp_kernel_tunnel_del(pdp, apn->tun.cfg.dev_name)) {
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Cannot delete tunnel from kernel:%s\n",
				strerror(errno));
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

#include <osmocom/gsm/tlv.h>

/* RFC 1332 */
enum ipcp_options {
	IPCP_OPT_IPADDR = 3,
	IPCP_OPT_PRIMARY_DNS = 129,
	IPCP_OPT_SECONDARY_DNS = 131,
};

struct ipcp_option_hdr {
	uint8_t type;
	uint8_t len;
	uint8_t data[0];
} __attribute__ ((packed));

struct ipcp_hdr {
	uint8_t code;
	uint8_t id;
	uint16_t len;
	uint8_t options[0];
} __attribute__ ((packed));

/* determine if IPCP contains given option */
static const uint8_t *ipcp_contains_option(const uint8_t *ipcp, size_t ipcp_len,
					   enum ipcp_options opt, size_t opt_minlen)
{
	const uint8_t *cur_opt = ipcp + sizeof(struct ipcp_hdr);

	/* iterate over Options and check if protocol contained */
	while (cur_opt + sizeof(struct ipcp_option_hdr) <= ipcp + ipcp_len) {
		const struct ipcp_option_hdr *cur_opt_hdr = (const struct ipcp_option_hdr *)cur_opt;
		/* length value includes 2 bytes type/length */
		if (cur_opt_hdr->len < sizeof(struct ipcp_option_hdr))
			return NULL;
		if (cur_opt_hdr->type == opt &&
		    cur_opt_hdr->len >= sizeof(struct ipcp_option_hdr) + opt_minlen)
			return cur_opt;
		cur_opt += cur_opt_hdr->len;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/* 3GPP TS 24.008 10.6.5.3 */
enum pco_protocols {
	PCO_P_LCP		= 0xC021,
	PCO_P_PAP		= 0xC023,
	PCO_P_CHAP		= 0xC223,
	PCO_P_IPCP		= 0x8021,
	PCO_P_PCSCF_ADDR	= 0x0001,
	PCO_P_IM_CN_SS_F	= 0x0002,
	PCO_P_DNS_IPv6_ADDR	= 0x0003,
	PCO_P_POLICY_CTRL_REJ	= 0x0004,	/* only in Network->MS */
	PCO_P_MS_SUP_NETREQ_BCI	= 0x0005,
	/* reserved */
	PCO_P_DSMIPv6_HA_ADDR	= 0x0007,
	PCO_P_DSMIPv6_HN_PREF	= 0x0008,
	PCO_P_DSMIPv6_v4_HA_ADDR= 0x0009,
	PCO_P_IP_ADDR_VIA_NAS	= 0x000a,	/* only MS->Network */
	PCO_P_IPv4_ADDR_VIA_DHCP= 0x000b,	/* only MS->Netowrk */
	PCO_P_PCSCF_IPv4_ADDR	= 0x000c,
	PCO_P_DNS_IPv4_ADDR	= 0x000d,
	PCO_P_MSISDN		= 0x000e,
	PCO_P_IFOM_SUPPORT	= 0x000f,
	PCO_P_IPv4_LINK_MTU	= 0x0010,
	PCO_P_MS_SUPP_LOC_A_TFT	= 0x0011,
	PCO_P_PCSCF_RESEL_SUP	= 0x0012,	/* only MS->Network */
	PCO_P_NBIFOM_REQ	= 0x0013,
	PCO_P_NBIFOM_MODE	= 0x0014,
	PCO_P_NONIP_LINK_MTU	= 0x0015,
	PCO_P_APN_RATE_CTRL_SUP	= 0x0016,
	PCO_P_PS_DATA_OFF_UE	= 0x0017,
	PCO_P_REL_DATA_SVC	= 0x0018,
};

struct pco_element {
	uint16_t protocol_id;	/* network byte order */
	uint8_t length;		/* length of data below */
	uint8_t data[0];
} __attribute__((packed));

/*! Get the peer of pdp based on IP version used.
 *  \param[in] pdp PDP context to select the peer from.
 *  \param[in] v4v6 IP version to select. Valid values are 4 and 6.
 *  \returns The selected peer matching the given IP version. NULL if not present.
 */
static struct ippoolm_t *pdp_get_peer_ipv(struct pdp_t *pdp, bool is_ipv6) {
	uint8_t len1, len2, i;

	if (is_ipv6) {
		len1 = 8;
		len2 = 16;
	} else {
		len1 = sizeof(struct in_addr);
		len2 = len1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		struct ippoolm_t * ippool = pdp->peer[i];
		if (ippool && (ippool->addr.len == len1 || ippool->addr.len == len2))
			return ippool;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static void process_pco_element_ipcp(const struct pco_element *pco_elem, struct msgb *resp,
				     const struct apn_ctx *apn, struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	struct ippoolm_t *peer_v4 = pdp_get_peer_ipv(pdp, false);
	const struct in46_addr *dns1 = &apn->v4.cfg.dns[0];
	const struct in46_addr *dns2 = &apn->v4.cfg.dns[1];
	uint8_t *start = resp->tail;
	const uint8_t *ipcp;
	uint16_t ipcp_len;
	uint8_t *len1, *len2;
	unsigned int len_appended;
	ptrdiff_t consumed;
	size_t remain;

	if (!peer_v4)
		return;

	ipcp = pco_elem->data;
	consumed = (ipcp - &pdp->pco_req.v[0]);
	remain = sizeof(pdp->pco_req.v) - consumed;
	ipcp_len = osmo_load16be(ipcp + 2); /* 1=code + 1=id */
	if (remain < 0 || remain < ipcp_len)
		return;

	/* Three byte T16L header */
	msgb_put_u16(resp, 0x8021);	/* IPCP */
	len1 = msgb_put(resp, 1);	/* Length of contents: delay */

	msgb_put_u8(resp, 0x02);	/* ACK */
	msgb_put_u8(resp, ipcp[1]);	/* ID: Needs to match request */
	msgb_put_u8(resp, 0x00);	/* Length MSB */
	len2 = msgb_put(resp, 1);	/* Length LSB: delay */

	if (dns1->len == 4 && ipcp_contains_option(ipcp, ipcp_len, IPCP_OPT_PRIMARY_DNS, 4)) {
		msgb_put_u8(resp, 0x81);		/* DNS1 Tag */
		msgb_put_u8(resp, 2 + dns1->len);	/* DNS1 Length, incl. TL */
		msgb_put_u32(resp, ntohl(dns1->v4.s_addr));
	}

	if (dns2->len == 4 && ipcp_contains_option(ipcp, ipcp_len, IPCP_OPT_SECONDARY_DNS, 4)) {
		msgb_put_u8(resp, 0x83);		/* DNS2 Tag */
		msgb_put_u8(resp, 2 + dns2->len);	/* DNS2 Length, incl. TL */
		msgb_put_u32(resp, ntohl(dns2->v4.s_addr));
	}

	/* patch in length values */
	len_appended = resp->tail - start;
	*len1 = len_appended - 3;
	*len2 = len_appended - 3;
}

static void process_pco_element_dns_ipv6(const struct pco_element *pco_elem, struct msgb *resp,
					 const struct apn_ctx *apn, struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(apn->v6.cfg.dns); i++) {
		const struct in46_addr *i46a = &apn->v6.cfg.dns[i];
		if (i46a->len != 16)
			continue;
		msgb_t16lv_put(resp, PCO_P_DNS_IPv6_ADDR, i46a->len, i46a->v6.s6_addr);
	}
}

static void process_pco_element_dns_ipv4(const struct pco_element *pco_elem, struct msgb *resp,
					 const struct apn_ctx *apn, struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(apn->v4.cfg.dns); i++) {
		const struct in46_addr *i46a = &apn->v4.cfg.dns[i];
		if (i46a->len != 4)
			continue;
		msgb_t16lv_put(resp, PCO_P_DNS_IPv4_ADDR, i46a->len, (uint8_t *)&i46a->v4);
	}
}

static void process_pco_element(const struct pco_element *pco_elem, struct msgb *resp,
				const struct apn_ctx *apn, struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	switch (ntohs(pco_elem->protocol_id)) {
	case PCO_P_IPCP:
		process_pco_element_ipcp(pco_elem, resp, apn, pdp);
		break;
	case PCO_P_DNS_IPv6_ADDR:
		process_pco_element_dns_ipv6(pco_elem, resp, apn, pdp);
		break;
	case PCO_P_DNS_IPv4_ADDR:
		process_pco_element_dns_ipv4(pco_elem, resp, apn, pdp);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

/* process one PCO request from a MS/UE, putting together the proper responses */
static void process_pco(const struct apn_ctx *apn, struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	struct msgb *resp = msgb_alloc(256, "PCO.resp");
	const struct ul255_t *pco = &pdp->pco_req;
	const struct pco_element *pco_elem;
	const uint8_t *cur;

	/* build the header of the PCO response */
	OSMO_ASSERT(resp);
	msgb_put_u8(resp, 0x80); /* ext-bit + configuration protocol byte */

	/* iterate over the PCO elements in the request; call process_pco_element() for each */
	for (cur = pco->v + 1, pco_elem = (const struct pco_element *) cur;
	     cur + sizeof(struct pco_element) <= pco->v + pco->l;
	     cur += pco_elem->length + sizeof(*pco_elem), pco_elem = (const struct pco_element *) cur) {
		process_pco_element(pco_elem, resp, apn, pdp);
	}

	/* copy the PCO response msgb and copy its contents over to the PDP context */
	if (msgb_length(resp) > 1) {
		memcpy(pdp->pco_neg.v, msgb_data(resp), msgb_length(resp));
		pdp->pco_neg.l = msgb_length(resp);
	} else
		pdp->pco_neg.l = 0;
	msgb_free(resp);
}

static bool apn_supports_ipv4(const struct apn_ctx *apn)
{
	if (apn->v4.cfg.static_prefix.addr.len  || apn->v4.cfg.dynamic_prefix.addr.len)
		return true;
	return false;
}

static bool apn_supports_ipv6(const struct apn_ctx *apn)
{
	if (apn->v6.cfg.static_prefix.addr.len  || apn->v6.cfg.dynamic_prefix.addr.len)
		return true;
	return false;
}

int create_context_ind(struct pdp_t *pdp)
{
	static char name_buf[256];
	struct gsn_t *gsn = pdp->gsn;
	struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn = gsn->priv;
	struct in46_addr addr[2];
	struct ippoolm_t *member = NULL, *addrv4 = NULL, *addrv6 = NULL;
	char straddrv4[INET_ADDRSTRLEN], straddrv6[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	struct apn_ctx *apn = NULL;
	int rc, num_addr, i;
	char *apn_name;

	apn_name = osmo_apn_to_str(name_buf, pdp->apn_req.v, pdp->apn_req.l);
	LOGPPDP(LOGL_DEBUG, pdp, "Processing create PDP context request for APN '%s'\n",
		apn_name ? name_buf : "(NONE)");

	/* First find an exact APN name match */
	if (apn_name != NULL)
		apn = ggsn_find_apn(ggsn, name_buf);
	/* ignore if the APN has not been started */
	if (apn && !apn->started)
		apn = NULL;

	/* then try default (if any) */
	if (!apn)
		apn = ggsn->cfg.default_apn;
	/* ignore if the APN has not been started */
	if (apn && !apn->started)
		apn = NULL;

	if (!apn) {
		/* no APN found for what user requested */
		LOGPPDP(LOGL_NOTICE, pdp, "Unknown APN '%s', rejecting\n", name_buf);
		gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, GTPCAUSE_MISSING_APN);
		return 0;
	}

	/* FIXME: we manually force all context requests to dynamic here! */
	if (pdp->eua.l > 2)
		pdp->eua.l = 2;

	memcpy(pdp->qos_neg0, pdp->qos_req0, sizeof(pdp->qos_req0));

	memcpy(pdp->qos_neg.v, pdp->qos_req.v, pdp->qos_req.l);	/* TODO */
	pdp->qos_neg.l = pdp->qos_req.l;

	memset(addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	if ((num_addr = in46a_from_eua(&pdp->eua, addr)) < 0) {
		LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Cannot decode EUA from MS/SGSN: %s\n",
			osmo_hexdump(pdp->eua.v, pdp->eua.l));
		gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, GTPCAUSE_UNKNOWN_PDP);
		return 0;
	}

	/* Store the actual APN for logging and the VTY */
	rc = osmo_apn_from_str(pdp->apn_use.v, sizeof(pdp->apn_use.v), apn->cfg.name);
	if (rc < 0) /* Unlikely this would happen, but anyway... */
		LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Failed to store APN '%s'\n", apn->cfg.name);
	pdp->apn_use.l = rc;

	/* Allocate dynamic addresses from the pool */
	for (i = 0; i < num_addr; i++) {
		if (addr[i].len == sizeof(struct in_addr)) {
			/* does this APN actually have an IPv4 pool? */
			if (!apn_supports_ipv4(apn))
				goto err_wrong_af;

			rc = ippool_newip(apn->v4.pool, &member, &addr[i], 0);
			if (rc < 0)
				goto err_pool_full;
			/* copy back */
			memcpy(&addr[i].v4.s_addr, &member->addr.v4, 4);

			addrv4 = member;

		} else if (addr[i].len == sizeof(struct in6_addr)) {

			/* does this APN actually have an IPv6 pool? */
			if (!apn_supports_ipv6(apn))
				goto err_wrong_af;

			rc = ippool_newip(apn->v6.pool, &member, &addr[i], 0);
			if (rc < 0)
				goto err_pool_full;

			/* IPv6 doesn't really send the real/allocated address at this point, but just
			 * the link-identifier which the MS shall use for router solicitation */
			/* initialize upper 64 bits to prefix, they are discarded by MS anyway */
			memcpy(addr[i].v6.s6_addr, &member->addr.v6, 8);
			/* use allocated 64bit prefix as lower 64bit, used as link id by MS */
			memcpy(addr[i].v6.s6_addr+8, &member->addr.v6, 8);

			addrv6 = member;
		} else
			OSMO_ASSERT(0);

		pdp->peer[i] = member;
		member->peer = pdp;
	}

	in46a_to_eua(addr, num_addr, &pdp->eua);

	if (apn->cfg.gtpu_mode == APN_GTPU_MODE_KERNEL_GTP && apn_supports_ipv4(apn)) {
		/* TODO: In IPv6, EUA doesn't contain the actual IP addr/prefix! */
		if (gtp_kernel_tunnel_add(pdp, apn->tun.cfg.dev_name) < 0) {
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Cannot add tunnel to kernel: %s\n", strerror(errno));
			gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, GTPCAUSE_SYS_FAIL);
			return 0;
		}
	}

	pdp->ipif = apn->tun.tun;	/* TODO */
	pdp->priv = apn;

	/* TODO: change trap to send 2 IPs */
	if (!send_trap(gsn, pdp, member, "imsi-ass-ip")) { /* TRAP with IP assignment */
		gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, GTPCAUSE_NO_RESOURCES);
		return 0;
	}

	process_pco(apn, pdp);

	/* Transmit G-PDU sequence numbers (only) if configured in APN */
	pdp->tx_gpdu_seq = apn->cfg.tx_gpdu_seq;

	LOGPPDP(LOGL_INFO, pdp, "Successful PDP Context Creation: APN=%s(%s), TEIC=%u, IPv4=%s, IPv6=%s\n",
		name_buf, apn->cfg.name, pdp->teic_own,
		addrv4 ? inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addrv4->addr.v4, straddrv4, sizeof(straddrv4)) : "none",
		addrv6 ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addrv6->addr.v6, straddrv6, sizeof(straddrv6)) : "none");
	gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, GTPCAUSE_ACC_REQ);
	return 0;		/* Success */

err_pool_full:
	LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Cannot allocate IP address from pool (full!)\n");
	gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, -rc);
	return 0;	/* Already in use, or no more available */

err_wrong_af:
	LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "APN doesn't support requested EUA / AF type\n");
	gtp_create_context_resp(gsn, pdp, GTPCAUSE_UNKNOWN_PDP);
	return 0;
}

/* Internet-originated IP packet, needs to be sent via GTP towards MS */
static int cb_tun_ind(struct tun_t *tun, void *pack, unsigned len)
{
	struct apn_ctx *apn = tun->priv;
	struct ippoolm_t *ipm;
	struct in46_addr dst;
	struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *)pack;
	struct ip6_hdr *ip6h = (struct ip6_hdr *)pack;
	struct ippool_t *pool;
	char straddr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	uint8_t pref_offset;

	switch (iph->version) {
	case 4:
		if (len < sizeof(*iph) || len < 4*iph->ihl)
			return -1;
		dst.len = 4;
		dst.v4.s_addr = iph->daddr;
		pool = apn->v4.pool;
		break;
	case 6:
		/* Due to the fact that 3GPP requires an allocation of a
		 * /64 prefix to each MS, we must instruct
		 * ippool_getip() below to match only the leading /64
		 * prefix, i.e. the first 8 bytes of the address. If the ll addr
		 * is used, then the match should be done on the trailing 64
		 * bits. */
		dst.len = 8;
		pref_offset = IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&ip6h->ip6_dst) ? 8 : 0;
		memcpy(&dst.v6, ((uint8_t*)&ip6h->ip6_dst) + pref_offset, 8);
		pool = apn->v6.pool;
		break;
	default:
		LOGP(DTUN, LOGL_NOTICE, "non-IPv%u packet received from tun\n", iph->version);
		return -1;
	}

	/* IPv6 packet but no IPv6 pool, or IPv4 packet with no IPv4 pool */
	if (!pool)
		return 0;

	DEBUGP(DTUN, "Received packet for APN(%s) from tun %s", apn->cfg.name, tun->devname);

	if (ippool_getip(pool, &ipm, &dst)) {
		DEBUGPC(DTUN, " with no PDP contex! (%s)\n", iph->version == 4 ?
			inet_ntop(AF_INET, &iph->saddr, straddr, sizeof(straddr)) :
			inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6h->ip6_src, straddr, sizeof(straddr)));
		return 0;
	}
	DEBUGPC(DTUN, "\n");

	if (ipm->peer)		/* Check if a peer protocol is defined */
		gtp_data_req(apn->ggsn->gsn, (struct pdp_t *)ipm->peer, pack, len);
	return 0;
}

/* RFC3307 link-local scope multicast address */
static const struct in6_addr all_router_mcast_addr = {
	.s6_addr = { 0xff,0x02,0,0,  0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,2 }
};

/* MS-originated GTP1-U packet, needs to be sent via TUN device */
static int encaps_tun(struct pdp_t *pdp, void *pack, unsigned len)
{
	struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *)pack;
	struct ip6_hdr *ip6h = (struct ip6_hdr *)pack;
	struct tun_t *tun = (struct tun_t *)pdp->ipif;
	struct apn_ctx *apn = tun->priv;
	char straddr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	struct ippoolm_t *peer;
	uint8_t pref_offset;

	OSMO_ASSERT(tun);
	OSMO_ASSERT(apn);

	LOGPPDP(LOGL_DEBUG, pdp, "Packet received on APN(%s): forwarding to tun %s\n", apn->cfg.name, tun->devname);

	switch (iph->version) {
	case 6:
		peer = pdp_get_peer_ipv(pdp, true);
		if (!peer) {
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Packet from MS IPv6 with unassigned EUA: %s\n",
				osmo_hexdump(pack, len));
			return -1;
		}

		/* Validate packet comes from IPaddr assigned to the pdp ctx.
		   If packet is a LL addr, then EUA is in the lower 64 bits,
		   otherwise it's used as the 64 prefix */
		pref_offset = IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&ip6h->ip6_src) ? 8 : 0;
		if (memcmp(((uint8_t*)&ip6h->ip6_src) + pref_offset, &peer->addr.v6, 8)) {
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Packet from MS using unassigned src IPv6: %s\n",
				inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6h->ip6_src, straddr, sizeof(straddr)));
			return -1;
		}

		/* daddr: all-routers multicast addr */
		if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&ip6h->ip6_dst, &all_router_mcast_addr))
			return handle_router_mcast(pdp->gsn, pdp, &peer->addr.v6,
						&apn->v6_lladdr, pack, len);
		break;
	case 4:
		peer = pdp_get_peer_ipv(pdp, false);
		if (!peer) {
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Packet from MS IPv4 with unassigned EUA: %s\n",
				osmo_hexdump(pack, len));
			return -1;
		}

		/* Validate packet comes from IPaddr assigned to the pdp ctx */
		if (memcmp(&iph->saddr, &peer->addr.v4, sizeof(peer->addr.v4))) {
			LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Packet from MS using unassigned src IPv4: %s\n",
				inet_ntop(AF_INET, &iph->saddr, straddr, sizeof(straddr)));
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	default:
		LOGPPDP(LOGL_ERROR, pdp, "Packet from MS is neither IPv4 nor IPv6: %s\n",
			osmo_hexdump(pack, len));
		return -1;
	}
	return tun_encaps((struct tun_t *)pdp->ipif, pack, len);
}

static char *config_file = "osmo-ggsn.cfg";

/* callback for tun device osmocom select loop integration */
static int ggsn_tun_fd_cb(struct osmo_fd *fd, unsigned int what)
{
	struct apn_ctx *apn = fd->data;

	OSMO_ASSERT(what & BSC_FD_READ);

	return tun_decaps(apn->tun.tun);
}

/* callback for libgtp osmocom select loop integration */
static int ggsn_gtp_fd_cb(struct osmo_fd *fd, unsigned int what)
{
	struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn = fd->data;
	int rc;

	OSMO_ASSERT(what & BSC_FD_READ);

	switch (fd->priv_nr) {
	case 0:
		rc = gtp_decaps0(ggsn->gsn);
		break;
	case 1:
		rc = gtp_decaps1c(ggsn->gsn);
		break;
	case 2:
		rc = gtp_decaps1u(ggsn->gsn);
		break;
	default:
		OSMO_ASSERT(0);
		break;
	}
	return rc;
}

static void ggsn_gtp_tmr_start(struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn)
{
	struct timeval next;

	/* Retrieve next retransmission as timeval */
	gtp_retranstimeout(ggsn->gsn, &next);

	/* re-schedule the timer */
	osmo_timer_schedule(&ggsn->gtp_timer, next.tv_sec, next.tv_usec/1000);
}

/* timer callback for libgtp retransmission and ping */
static void ggsn_gtp_tmr_cb(void *data)
{
	struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn = data;

	/* do all the retransmissions as needed */
	gtp_retrans(ggsn->gsn);

	ggsn_gtp_tmr_start(ggsn);
}

/* To exit gracefully. Used with GCC compilation flag -pg and gprof */
static void signal_handler(int s)
{
	LOGP(DGGSN, LOGL_NOTICE, "signal %d received\n", s);
	switch (s) {
	case SIGINT:
	case SIGTERM:
		LOGP(DGGSN, LOGL_NOTICE, "SIGINT received, shutting down\n");
		end = 1;
		break;
	case SIGABRT:
	case SIGUSR1:
		talloc_report(tall_vty_ctx, stderr);
		talloc_report_full(tall_ggsn_ctx, stderr);
		break;
	case SIGUSR2:
		talloc_report_full(tall_vty_ctx, stderr);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

/* libgtp callback for confirmations */
static int cb_conf(int type, int cause, struct pdp_t *pdp, void *cbp)
{
	int rc = 0;

	if (cause == EOF)
		LOGP(DGGSN, LOGL_NOTICE, "libgtp EOF (type=%u, pdp=%p, cbp=%p)\n",
			type, pdp, cbp);

	switch (type) {
	case GTP_DELETE_PDP_REQ:
		/* Remark: We actually never reach this path nowadays because
		   only place where we call gtp_delete_context_req2() is during
		   apn_stop()->pool_close_all_pdp() path, and in that case we
		   free all pdp contexts immediatelly without waiting for
		   confirmation since we want to tear down the whole APN
		   anyways. As a result, DeleteCtxResponse will never reach here
		   since it will be dropped at some point in lower layers in the
		   Rx path. This code is nevertheless left here in order to ease
		   future developent and avoid possible future memleaks once more
		   scenarios where GGSN sends a DeleteCtxRequest are introduced. */
		   if (pdp)
			rc = pdp_freepdp(pdp);
	}
	return rc;
}

/* Start a given GGSN */
int ggsn_start(struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn)
{
	struct apn_ctx *apn;
	int rc;

	if (ggsn->started)
		return 0;

	LOGPGGSN(LOGL_INFO, ggsn, "Starting GGSN\n");

	/* Start libgtp listener */
	if (gtp_new(&ggsn->gsn, ggsn->cfg.state_dir, &ggsn->cfg.listen_addr.v4, GTP_MODE_GGSN)) {
		LOGPGGSN(LOGL_ERROR, ggsn, "Failed to create GTP: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}
	ggsn->gsn->priv = ggsn;

	/* patch in different addresses to use (in case we're behind NAT, the listen
	 * address is different from what we advertise externally) */
	if (ggsn->cfg.gtpc_addr.v4.s_addr)
		ggsn->gsn->gsnc = ggsn->cfg.gtpc_addr.v4;

	if (ggsn->cfg.gtpu_addr.v4.s_addr)
		ggsn->gsn->gsnu = ggsn->cfg.gtpu_addr.v4;

	/* Register File Descriptors */
	osmo_fd_setup(&ggsn->gtp_fd0, ggsn->gsn->fd0, BSC_FD_READ, ggsn_gtp_fd_cb, ggsn, 0);
	rc = osmo_fd_register(&ggsn->gtp_fd0);
	OSMO_ASSERT(rc == 0);

	osmo_fd_setup(&ggsn->gtp_fd1c, ggsn->gsn->fd1c, BSC_FD_READ, ggsn_gtp_fd_cb, ggsn, 1);
	rc = osmo_fd_register(&ggsn->gtp_fd1c);
	OSMO_ASSERT(rc == 0);

	osmo_fd_setup(&ggsn->gtp_fd1u, ggsn->gsn->fd1u, BSC_FD_READ, ggsn_gtp_fd_cb, ggsn, 2);
	rc = osmo_fd_register(&ggsn->gtp_fd1u);
	OSMO_ASSERT(rc == 0);

	/* Start GTP re-transmission timer */
	osmo_timer_setup(&ggsn->gtp_timer, ggsn_gtp_tmr_cb, ggsn);
	ggsn_gtp_tmr_start(ggsn);

	gtp_set_cb_data_ind(ggsn->gsn, encaps_tun);
	gtp_set_cb_delete_context(ggsn->gsn, delete_context);
	gtp_set_cb_create_context_ind(ggsn->gsn, create_context_ind);
	gtp_set_cb_conf(ggsn->gsn, cb_conf);

	LOGPGGSN(LOGL_NOTICE, ggsn, "Successfully started\n");
	ggsn->started = true;

	llist_for_each_entry(apn, &ggsn->apn_list, list)
		apn_start(apn);

	return 0;
}

/* Stop a given GGSN */
int ggsn_stop(struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn)
{
	struct apn_ctx *apn;

	if (!ggsn->started)
		return 0;

	/* iterate over all APNs and stop them */
	llist_for_each_entry(apn, &ggsn->apn_list, list)
		apn_stop(apn);

	osmo_timer_del(&ggsn->gtp_timer);

	osmo_fd_unregister(&ggsn->gtp_fd1u);
	osmo_fd_unregister(&ggsn->gtp_fd1c);
	osmo_fd_unregister(&ggsn->gtp_fd0);

	if (ggsn->gsn) {
		gtp_free(ggsn->gsn);
		ggsn->gsn = NULL;
	}

	ggsn->started = false;
	return 0;
}

static void print_usage()
{
	printf("Usage: osmo-ggsn [-h] [-D] [-c configfile] [-V]\n");
}

static void print_help()
{
	printf(	"  Some useful help...\n"
		"  -h --help		This help text\n"
		"  -D --daemonize	Fork the process into a background daemon\n"
		"  -c --config-file	filename The config file to use\n"
		"  -V --version		Print the version of OsmoGGSN\n"
		);
}

static void handle_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
	while (1) {
		int option_index = 0, c;
		static struct option long_options[] = {
			{ "help", 0, 0, 'h' },
			{ "daemonize", 0, 0, 'D' },
			{ "config-file", 1, 0, 'c' },
			{ "version", 0, 0, 'V' },
			{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
		};

		c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hdc:V", long_options, &option_index);
		if (c == -1)
			break;

		switch (c) {
		case 'h':
			print_usage();
			print_help();
			exit(0);
		case 'D':
			daemonize = 1;
			break;
		case 'c':
			config_file = optarg;
			break;
		case 'V':
			print_version(1);
			exit(0);
			break;
		}
	}
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct ggsn_ctx *ggsn;
	int rc;

	tall_ggsn_ctx = talloc_named_const(NULL, 0, "OsmoGGSN");
	msgb_talloc_ctx_init(tall_ggsn_ctx, 0);
	g_vty_info.tall_ctx = tall_ggsn_ctx;

	/* Handle keyboard interrupt SIGINT */
	signal(SIGINT, &signal_handler);
	signal(SIGTERM, &signal_handler);
	signal(SIGABRT, &signal_handler);
	signal(SIGUSR1, &signal_handler);
	signal(SIGUSR2, &signal_handler);

	osmo_init_ignore_signals();
	osmo_init_logging2(tall_ggsn_ctx, &log_info);
	osmo_stats_init(tall_ggsn_ctx);

	vty_init(&g_vty_info);
	logging_vty_add_cmds(NULL);
	osmo_talloc_vty_add_cmds();
	osmo_stats_vty_add_cmds(&log_info);
	ggsn_vty_init();
	ctrl_vty_init(tall_ggsn_ctx);

	handle_options(argc, argv);

	rate_ctr_init(tall_ggsn_ctx);

	rc = vty_read_config_file(config_file, NULL);
	if (rc < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open config file: '%s'\n", config_file);
		exit(2);
	}

	rc = telnet_init_dynif(tall_ggsn_ctx, NULL, vty_get_bind_addr(), OSMO_VTY_PORT_GGSN);
	if (rc < 0)
		exit(1);

	g_ctrlh = ctrl_interface_setup_dynip(NULL, ctrl_vty_get_bind_addr(),
					     OSMO_CTRL_PORT_GGSN, NULL);
	if (!g_ctrlh) {
		LOGP(DGGSN, LOGL_ERROR, "Failed to create CTRL interface.\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	if (daemonize) {
		rc = osmo_daemonize();
		if (rc < 0) {
			perror("Error during daemonize");
			exit(1);
		}
	}

#if 0
	/* qos                                                             */
	qos.l = 3;
	qos.v[2] = (args_info.qos_arg) & 0xff;
	qos.v[1] = ((args_info.qos_arg) >> 8) & 0xff;
	qos.v[0] = ((args_info.qos_arg) >> 16) & 0xff;
#endif

	/* Main select loop */
	while (!end) {
		osmo_select_main(0);
	}

	llist_for_each_entry(ggsn, &g_ggsn_list, list)
		ggsn_stop(ggsn);

	return 0;
}