diff --git a/include/osmocom/codec/codec.h b/include/osmocom/codec/codec.h
index 65de20d..2bdae60 100644
--- a/include/osmocom/codec/codec.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/codec/codec.h
@@ -81,9 +81,20 @@
 	}
 }
 
+/* SID ternary classification per GSM 06.31 & 06.81 section 6.1.1 */
+enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class {
+       OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_SPEECH  = 0,
+       OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_INVALID = 1,
+       OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_VALID   = 2,
+};
+
 bool osmo_fr_check_sid(const uint8_t *rtp_payload, size_t payload_len);
 bool osmo_hr_check_sid(const uint8_t *rtp_payload, size_t payload_len);
 bool osmo_efr_check_sid(const uint8_t *rtp_payload, size_t payload_len);
+
+enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class osmo_fr_sid_classify(const uint8_t *rtp_payload);
+enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class osmo_efr_sid_classify(const uint8_t *rtp_payload);
+
 int osmo_amr_rtp_enc(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t cmr, enum osmo_amr_type ft,
 		     enum osmo_amr_quality bfi);
 int osmo_amr_rtp_dec(const uint8_t *payload, int payload_len, uint8_t *cmr,
diff --git a/src/codec/gsm610.c b/src/codec/gsm610.c
index ff9952a..d29d9cb 100644
--- a/src/codec/gsm610.c
+++ b/src/codec/gsm610.c
@@ -296,6 +296,21 @@
 	29,	/* LARc5:0 */
 };
 
+static const uint16_t sid_code_word_bits[95] = {
+	/* bit numbers are relative to the RTP frame beginning,
+	 * with signature bits included in the count. */
+	57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73,
+	75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91,
+	93, 94, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123,
+	125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 135, 137,
+	138, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150,
+	169, 170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181,
+	182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193, 194,
+	196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 225,
+	226, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235, 237, 240,
+	243, 246, 249, 252, 255, 258, 261
+};
+
 /*! Check whether RTP frame contains FR SID code word according to
  *  TS 101 318 §5.1.2
  *  \param[in] rtp_payload Buffer with RTP payload
@@ -305,16 +320,7 @@
 bool osmo_fr_check_sid(const uint8_t *rtp_payload, size_t payload_len)
 {
 	struct bitvec bv;
-	uint16_t i, z_bits[] = { 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73,
-				 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91,
-				 93, 94, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123,
-				 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 135, 137,
-				 138, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150,
-				 169, 170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181,
-				 182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193, 194,
-				 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 225,
-				 226, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235, 237, 240,
-				 243, 246, 249, 252, 255, 258, 261 };
+	uint16_t i;
 
 	/* signature does not match Full Rate SID */
 	if ((rtp_payload[0] >> 4) != 0xD)
@@ -323,10 +329,63 @@
 	bv.data = (uint8_t *) rtp_payload;
 	bv.data_len = payload_len;
 
-	/* code word is all 0 at given bits, numbered from 1 */
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(z_bits); i++)
-		if (bitvec_get_bit_pos(&bv, z_bits[i]) != ZERO)
+	/* code word is all 0 at given bits */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sid_code_word_bits); i++) {
+		if (bitvec_get_bit_pos(&bv, sid_code_word_bits[i]) != ZERO)
 			return false;
+	}
 
 	return true;
 }
+
+/*! Classify potentially-SID FR codec frame in RTP format according
+ *  to the rules of GSM 06.31 §6.1.1
+ *  \param[in] rtp_payload Buffer with RTP payload
+ *  \returns enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class, with symbolic values
+ *  OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_SPEECH, OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_INVALID or
+ *  OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_VALID corresponding to the 3 possible bit-counting
+ *  classifications prescribed by the spec.
+ *
+ *  Differences between the more familiar osmo_fr_check_sid() and the present
+ *  function are:
+ *
+ *  1. osmo_fr_check_sid() returns true only if the SID frame is absolutely
+ *     perfect, with all 95 bits of the SID code word zeroed.  However, the
+ *     rules of GSM 06.31 §6.1.1 allow up to one bit to be in error,
+ *     and the frame is still accepted as valid SID.
+ *
+ *  2. The third possible state of invalid SID is not handled at all by the
+ *     simpler osmo_fr_check_sid() function.
+ *
+ *  3. osmo_fr_check_sid() includes a check for 0xD RTP signature, and returns
+ *     false if that signature nibble is wrong.  That check is not included
+ *     in the present version because there is no place for it in the
+ *     ETSI-prescribed classification, it is neither speech nor SID.  The
+ *     assumption is that this function is used to classify the bit content
+ *     of received codec frames, not their RTP encoding - the latter needs
+ *     to be validated beforehand.
+ *
+ *  Which function should one use?  The answer depends on the specific
+ *  circumstances, and needs to be addressed on a case-by-case basis.
+ */
+enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class osmo_fr_sid_classify(const uint8_t *rtp_payload)
+{
+	struct bitvec bv;
+	uint16_t i, n;
+
+	bv.data = (uint8_t *) rtp_payload;
+	bv.data_len = GSM_FR_BYTES;
+
+	/* count not-SID-matching bits per the spec */
+	n = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sid_code_word_bits); i++) {
+		if (bitvec_get_bit_pos(&bv, sid_code_word_bits[i]) != ZERO)
+			n++;
+		if (n >= 16)
+			return OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_SPEECH;
+	}
+	if (n >= 2)
+		return OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_INVALID;
+	else
+		return OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_VALID;
+}
diff --git a/src/codec/gsm660.c b/src/codec/gsm660.c
index 46ecdac..c6e694c 100644
--- a/src/codec/gsm660.c
+++ b/src/codec/gsm660.c
@@ -258,6 +258,21 @@
 	246,					/* 259 -> PULSE 4_10: b0    */
 };
 
+static const uint8_t sid_code_word_bits[95] = {
+	/* bit numbers are relative to "pure" EFR frame beginning,
+	 * not counting the signature bits. */
+	   45,  46,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,
+	   56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62,  63,  64,  65,
+	   66,  67,  68,  94,  95,  96,  98,  99, 100, 101,
+	  102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
+	  112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 148, 149, 150,
+	  151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,
+	  161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170,
+	  171, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,
+	  205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216,
+	  217, 218, 219, 220, 221
+};
+
 /*! Check whether RTP frame contains EFR SID code word according to
  *  TS 101 318 §5.3.2
  *  \param[in] rtp_payload Buffer with RTP payload
@@ -268,19 +283,6 @@
 {
 	struct bitvec bv;
 	uint16_t i;
-	static const uint8_t sid_code_word_bits[95] = {
-		/* bit numbers relative to "pure" EFR frame beginning,
-		 * not counting the signature bits. */
-		   45,  46,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,
-		   56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62,  63,  64,  65,
-		   66,  67,  68,  94,  95,  96,  98,  99, 100, 101,
-		  102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
-		  112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 148, 149, 150,
-		  151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,
-		  161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170,
-		  171, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,
-		  205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216,
-		  217, 218, 219, 220, 221 };
 
 	/* signature does not match Enhanced Full Rate SID */
 	if ((rtp_payload[0] >> 4) != 0xC)
@@ -297,3 +299,55 @@
 
 	return true;
 }
+
+/*! Classify potentially-SID EFR codec frame in RTP format according
+ *  to the rules of GSM 06.81 §6.1.1
+ *  \param[in] rtp_payload Buffer with RTP payload
+ *  \returns enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class, with symbolic values
+ *  OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_SPEECH, OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_INVALID or
+ *  OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_VALID corresponding to the 3 possible bit-counting
+ *  classifications prescribed by the spec.
+ *
+ *  Differences between the more familiar osmo_efr_check_sid() and the present
+ *  function are:
+ *
+ *  1. osmo_efr_check_sid() returns true only if the SID frame is absolutely
+ *     perfect, with all 95 bits of the SID code word set.  However, the
+ *     rules of GSM 06.81 §6.1.1 allow up to one bit to be in error,
+ *     and the frame is still accepted as valid SID.
+ *
+ *  2. The third possible state of invalid SID is not handled at all by the
+ *     simpler osmo_efr_check_sid() function.
+ *
+ *  3. osmo_efr_check_sid() includes a check for 0xC RTP signature, and returns
+ *     false if that signature nibble is wrong.  That check is not included
+ *     in the present version because there is no place for it in the
+ *     ETSI-prescribed classification, it is neither speech nor SID.  The
+ *     assumption is that this function is used to classify the bit content
+ *     of received codec frames, not their RTP encoding - the latter needs
+ *     to be validated beforehand.
+ *
+ *  Which function should one use?  The answer depends on the specific
+ *  circumstances, and needs to be addressed on a case-by-case basis.
+ */
+enum osmo_gsm631_sid_class osmo_efr_sid_classify(const uint8_t *rtp_payload)
+{
+	struct bitvec bv;
+	uint16_t i, n;
+
+	bv.data = (uint8_t *) rtp_payload;
+	bv.data_len = GSM_EFR_BYTES;
+
+	/* count not-SID-matching bits per the spec */
+	n = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sid_code_word_bits); i++) {
+		if (bitvec_get_bit_pos(&bv, sid_code_word_bits[i]+4) != ONE)
+			n++;
+		if (n >= 16)
+			return OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_SPEECH;
+	}
+	if (n >= 2)
+		return OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_INVALID;
+	else
+		return OSMO_GSM631_SID_CLASS_VALID;
+}