Add helper functions for AMR codec

* add functions to encode/decode various codec paramters from RTP payload with
  AMR frame according to RFC 4867
* those functions are extended version based on code from osmo-bts'
  amr.c by Andreas Eversberg
* add corresponding enum types and strings for logging
* add regression tests

It's useful both to replace manual parsing in osmo-bts with fuctions
covered by test suite and as a debugging helpers for issues related to
AMR.

Change-Id: Ia217679a07d3fbc970f435e20f6eac33d34bd597
Related: OS#1562
Reviewed-on: https://gerrit.osmocom.org/118
Tested-by: Jenkins Builder
Reviewed-by: Holger Freyther <holger@freyther.de>
diff --git a/tests/codec/codec_test.ok b/tests/codec/codec_test.ok
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f76fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/codec/codec_test.ok
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+AMR RTP payload decoder test:
+[2] decode RTP 20 44 00 00 00 00 04 OK: FT AMR SID, CMR AMR 5,90 kbit/s, CMI is 2, SID type FIRST	[2] encode [0]
+[2] decode RTP 20 44 29 c2 92 91 f4 OK: FT AMR SID, CMR AMR 5,90 kbit/s, CMI is 2, SID type UPDATE	[2] encode [0]
+[2/2] No Data/NA, CMR: OK, FT: OK, BFI: OK, CMI: -1, STI: -1
+[2/2] No Data/NA, CMR: OK, FT: OK, BFI: OK, CMI: -1, STI: -1
+[33/33] AMR 12,2 kbit/s (GSM-EFR), CMR: OK, FT: OK, BFI: OK, CMI: -1, STI: -1
+[33/33] AMR 12,2 kbit/s (GSM-EFR), CMR: OK, FT: OK, BFI: OK, CMI: -1, STI: -1
+[21/21] AMR 7,40 kbit/s (TDMA-EFR), CMR: OK, FT: OK, BFI: OK, CMI: -1, STI: -1
+[21/21] AMR 7,40 kbit/s (TDMA-EFR), CMR: OK, FT: OK, BFI: OK, CMI: -1, STI: -1