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+.\" Automatically generated by Pandoc 1.16.0.2
+.\"
+.ad l
+.TH "unber" "1" "2016\-01\-23" "ASN.1 BER Decoder" "Version 0.9.28"
+.nh \" Turn off hyphenation by default.
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+unber \-\- the ASN.1 BER Decoder
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+unber [\f[B]\-1\f[]] [\f[B]\-i\f[]\f[I]indent\f[]] [\f[B]\-m\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-p\f[]] [\f[B]\-s\f[]\f[I]skip\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-t\f[]\f[I]hex\-string\f[]] [\f[B]\-\f[]]
+[\f[I]input\-filenames\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+unber presents the internal structure of BER\-encoded files as a human
+readable text.
+A single dash denotes the standard input.
+.PP
+(The DER and CER formats are subsets of the BER and are also supported.)
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-1
+Do \f[I]not\f[] attempt to read the next BER structure after the first
+one.
+This may be useful if the input contains garbage past the single BER
+sequence.
+By default, unber continues decoding until the end of file (input
+stream).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-i \f[I]indent\f[]
+Use the specified number of spaces for output indentation.
+Default is 4 spaces.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-m
+Generate shorter output while still preserving BER encoding information.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-p
+Do \f[I]not\f[] attempt to pretty\-print known ASN.1 types
+(\f[C]BOOLEAN\f[], \f[C]INTEGER\f[], \f[C]OBJECT\ IDENTIFIER\f[], etc).
+By default, some ASN.1 types are converted into the text representation.
+.RS
+.PP
+This option is required if the \f[C]unber\f[](1) output is used as an
+input to \f[C]enber\f[](1).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-s \f[I]skip\f[]
+Ignore the first \f[I]skip\f[] bytes in the input stream; useful for
+stripping off lower level protocol framing data.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-t \f[I]hex\-string\f[]
+Interpret the hex\-string as a sequence of hexadecimal values
+representing the start of BER TLV encoding.
+Print the human readable explanation.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH XML FORMAT
+.PP
+unber dumps the output in the regular XML format which preserves most of
+the information from the underlying binary encoding.
+.PP
+The XML opening tag format is as follows:
+.PP
+<\f[B]tform\f[] O="\f[B]off\f[]" T="\f[B]tag\f[]" TL="\f[B]t_len\f[]"
+V="{Indefinite|\f[B]v_len\f[]}" [A="\f[B]type\f[]"] [\f[B]F\f[]]>
+.PP
+Where:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tform\f[]
+Encoding form the value is in: primitive ("P") or constructed ("C") or
+constructed with indefinite length ("I")
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]off\f[]
+Offset of the encoded element in the unber input stream.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tag\f[]
+The tag class and value in human readable form.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t_len\f[]
+The length of the TL (BER Tag and Length) encoding.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v_len\f[]
+The length of the value (V, encoded by the L), may be "Indefinite".
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]type\f[]
+Likely name of the underlying ASN.1 type (for UNIVERSAL tags).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B [\f[B]F\f[]]
+Indicates that the value was reformatted (pretty\-printed).
+This will never appear in the output produced using the \f[B]\-p\f[]
+command line option.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Example XML output:
+.PP
+<I O="0" T="[UNIVERSAL 16]" TL="2" V="Indefinite" A="SEQUENCE">
+.PD 0
+.P
+.PD
+\ <P O="2" T="[UNIVERSAL 19]" TL="2" V="2" A="PrintableString">US</P>
+.PD 0
+.P
+.PD
+\ \ <C O="6" T="[UNIVERSAL 16]" TL="2" V="6" A="SEQUENCE">
+.PD 0
+.P
+.PD
+\ \ \ \ <P O="8" T="[UNIVERSAL 2]" TL="2" V="4" A="INTEGER"
+F>832970823</P>
+.PD 0
+.P
+.PD
+\ \ </C O="14" T="[UNIVERSAL 16]" A="SEQUENCE" L="8">
+.PD 0
+.P
+.PD
+</I O="14" T="[UNIVERSAL 0]" TL="2" L="16">
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.PP
+Decode the given Tag/Length sequence specified in hexadecimal form:
+.RS
+.PP
+unber\ \f[B]\-t\f[] "\f[I]bf 20\f[]"
+.RE
+.PP
+Decode the DER file using two\-spaces indentation:
+.RS
+.PP
+unber\ \f[B]\-i\f[] \f[I]2\f[]\ \f[I]filename.der\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+Decode the binary stream taken from the standard input:
+.RS
+.PP
+cat \f[I]filename.der\f[] | unber \f[B]\-\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+Decode the binary stream and encode it back into an identical stream
+(see \f[C]enber\f[](1)):
+.RS
+.PP
+cat \f[I]filename.der\f[] | unber \f[B]\-p\f[] \f[B]\-\f[] | enber
+\f[B]\-\f[] > \f[I]filename.ber\f[]
+.RE
+.SH FOOTNOTES
+.PP
+The constructed XML output is not necessarily well\-formed.
+.PP
+When indefinite length encoding is being used, the BER sequence which is
+not terminated with the end\-of\-content octets will cause the
+terminating \f[B]</I>\f[] XML tag to disappear.
+Thus, invalid BER framing directly causes invalid XML output.
+.PP
+The \f[C]enber\f[](1) utility understands such XML correctly.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+\f[C]enber\f[](1), \f[C]asn1c\f[](1).
+.SH AUTHORS
+Lev Walkin <vlm@lionet.info>.